本文以安裝postgreSQL為例說明了Gentoo Linux 安裝 軟體的一般方法，同時總結了USE flag.
1.運行 emerge -pv postgresql-server 看下USE
[plain] view plaincopyprint?# emerge -pv postgresql-server
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
Calculating dependencies... done![ebuild N ] dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3 USE="nls pam xml -doc -perl -pg_legacytimestamp -python (-selinux) -tcl -uuid" LINGUAS="-af -cs -de -en -es -fa -fr -hr -hu -it -ko -nb -pl -pt_BR -ro -ru -sk -sl -sv -tr -zh_CN -zh_TW" 3 kB
Total: 1 package (1 new), Size of downloads: 3 kB
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【附】Gentoo USE:
USE的簡單理解如下：一個軟體不只包含軟體本身，還包括其組件，如，文檔，外掛程式，GUI支援等。USE就是用來標記是否要安裝軟體的同時安裝這些組件。
臨時USE : USE="-java" emerge seamonkey
USE flag的顏色
紅色：enable
藍色：前面會帶一個”-”，表示disable。
綠色：enable但是還沒有邊進去的use flag
黃色：上一個版本沒有，這一個版本新加入的use flag
括弧()：在你的平台上禁用的use flag
------------------------------------------------------
設定 USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN"
[plain] view plaincopyprint?# USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge -pv postgresql-server
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
Calculating dependencies... done![ebuild N ] dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3 USE="nls pam python xml -doc -perl -pg_legacytimestamp (-selinux) -tcl -uuid" LINGUAS="en zh_CN -af -cs -de -es -fa -fr -hr -hu -it -ko -nb -pl -pt_BR -ro -ru -sk -sl -sv -tr -zh_TW" 3 kB
Total: 1 package (1 new), Size of downloads: 3 kB
運行： USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge postgresql-server 安裝postgresql-server
[plain] view plaincopyprint?USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge postgresql-server 等待安裝（我安的時候比較費時。。）
[plain] view plaincopyprint?* If you have users and/or services that you would like to utilize the* socket, you must add them to the 'postgres' system group:
* usermod -a -G postgres <user>*
* Before initializing the database, you may want to edit PG_INITDB_OPTS* so that it contains your preferred locale in:
* /etc/conf.d/postgresql-9.3*
* Then, execute the following command to setup the initial database* environment:* emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3gt;>> Auto-cleaning packages...
按照提示編輯 /etc/conf.d/postgresql-9.3 （可以直接使用預設，不做任何更改，遇到問題了再改）
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# 設定檔位置PGDATA="/etc/postgresql-9.3/"
# 資料存放目錄/to be created
DATA_DIR="/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/data"# 可選 選項PG_INITDB_OPTS="--locale=en_US.UTF-8" 按照提示，運行：emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3........
* The autovacuum function, which was in contrib, has been moved to the main* PostgreSQL functions starting with 8.1, and starting with 8.4 is now enabled
* by default. You can disable it in the cluster's:* /etc/postgresql-9.3/postgresql.conf
** The PostgreSQL server, by default, will log events to:
* /var/lib/postgresql/9.3/data/postmaster.log*
* You should use the '/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3' script to run PostgreSQL* instead of 'pg_ctl'. 然後，繼續安裝上條命令完成時的提示（You should use the '/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3' script to run PostgreSQL）：
啟動postgreSQL服務：/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 start
[plain] view plaincopyprint?# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 start* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]
* /var/run/postgresql: creating directory* /var/run/postgresql: correcting owner
* Starting PostgreSQL ... [ ok ]
[plain] view plaincopyprint?# psql -U postgrespsql (9.3.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \lList of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgrestemplate1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres(3 rows)
postgres=#
1.運行 emerge -pv postgresql-server 看下USE
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# emerge -pv postgresql-server
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
Calculating dependencies... done![ebuild N ] dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3 USE="nls pam xml -doc -perl -pg_legacytimestamp -python (-selinux) -tcl -uuid" LINGUAS="-af -cs -de -en -es -fa -fr -hr -hu -it -ko -nb -pl -pt_BR -ro -ru -sk -sl -sv -tr -zh_CN -zh_TW" 3 kB
Total: 1 package (1 new), Size of downloads: 3 kB
------------------------------------------------------
【附】Gentoo USE:
USE的簡單理解如下：一個軟體不只包含軟體本身，還包括其組件，如，文檔，外掛程式，GUI支援等。USE就是用來標記是否要安裝軟體的同時安裝這些組件。
臨時USE : USE="-java" emerge seamonkey
USE flag的顏色
紅色：enable
藍色：前面會帶一個”-”，表示disable。
綠色：enable但是還沒有邊進去的use flag
黃色：上一個版本沒有，這一個版本新加入的use flag
括弧()：在你的平台上禁用的use flag
------------------------------------------------------
設定 USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN"
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge -pv postgresql-server
These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
Calculating dependencies... done![ebuild N ] dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3 USE="nls pam python xml -doc -perl -pg_legacytimestamp (-selinux) -tcl -uuid" LINGUAS="en zh_CN -af -cs -de -es -fa -fr -hr -hu -it -ko -nb -pl -pt_BR -ro -ru -sk -sl -sv -tr -zh_TW" 3 kB
Total: 1 package (1 new), Size of downloads: 3 kB
運行： USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge postgresql-server 安裝postgresql-server
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
USE="python" LINGUAS="en zh_CN" emerge postgresql-server 等待安裝（我安的時候比較費時。。）
[plain] view plaincopyprint?* If you have users and/or services that you would like to utilize the* socket, you must add them to the 'postgres' system group:
* usermod -a -G postgres <user>*
* Before initializing the database, you may want to edit PG_INITDB_OPTS* so that it contains your preferred locale in:
* /etc/conf.d/postgresql-9.3*
* Then, execute the following command to setup the initial database* environment:
* emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3gt;>> Auto-cleaning packages...
按照提示編輯 /etc/conf.d/postgresql-9.3 （可以直接使用預設，不做任何更改，遇到問題了再改）
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# 設定檔位置PGDATA="/etc/postgresql-9.3/"
# 資料存放目錄/to be created
DATA_DIR="/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/data"
# 可選 選項PG_INITDB_OPTS="--locale=en_US.UTF-8" 按照提示，運行：emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# emerge --config =dev-db/postgresql-server-9.3.3........
* The autovacuum function, which was in contrib, has been moved to the main* PostgreSQL functions starting with 8.1, and starting with 8.4 is now enabled
* by default. You can disable it in the cluster's:* /etc/postgresql-9.3/postgresql.conf
** The PostgreSQL server, by default, will log events to:
* /var/lib/postgresql/9.3/data/postmaster.log*
* You should use the '/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3' script to run PostgreSQL* instead of 'pg_ctl'. 然後，繼續安裝上條命令完成時的提示（You should use the '/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3' script to run PostgreSQL）：
啟動postgreSQL服務：/etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 start
[plain] view plaincopyprint?
# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 start* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]
* /var/run/postgresql: creating directory* /var/run/postgresql: correcting owner
* Starting PostgreSQL ... [ ok ]
[plain] view plaincopyprint?# psql -U postgrespsql (9.3.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \lList of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgrestemplate1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres(3 rows)
postgres=#
