Android apk的安裝、卸載、更新升級（通過Eclipse實現靜默安裝）

一、通過Intent訊息機制發送訊息，調用系統應用進行，實現apk的安裝/卸載 。 
（1） 調用系統的安裝應用，讓系統自動進行apk的安裝 

String fileName = "/data/data/com.zlc.ipanel.operate/FileOperate.apk";
  Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(fileName));
  Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
  intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
  startActivity(intent);

    上訴安裝不僅可以安裝新的apk（從無到有），也可以用於更新舊的apk（版本更新），在進行版本更新的時候，必須保證兩個apk的簽名是一致的。 
    如果是一般應用，安裝到data/分區下面，新的apk會替換舊的apk。 
    如果是系統應用，一般安裝到system/app下面，更新之後， system/app/下的舊apk仍然存在，系統會將新的apk被複製到data/app下。雖然同時存在兩新舊apk，但運行時系統選擇data分區的新apk運行， 如果執行卸載則是刪除data分區的apk，再次啟動程式啟動並執行是system目錄下舊的apk。 
（2）啟動系統的卸載應用，讓系統自動卸載apk 

//通過程式的包名建立URI
Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:com.zlc.ipanel");
//建立Intent意圖
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE,packageURI);
//執行卸載程式
startActivity(intent);

與apk安裝不同的是，Intent訊息這裡改了：ACTION_DELETE，apk安裝使用的是（ACTION_VIEW）

二、通過調用系統提供的介面packageManager對apk進行卸載、安裝、擷取許可權等（靜默安裝）
（1）需要平台簽名（寫個Android.mk在源碼下編譯最省事，當然網上也有很多其他方法，比如：singapk命令列簽名）
（2）由於調用的是未公開的API，所以需要引入源碼（僅僅做一個馬甲，不參與編譯）
（3）在AndroidManifest.xml添加安裝apk的許可權
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
（4） 如果升級失敗出現 Unable to open zip '/data/FileOperate.apk': Permission denied，說明是許可權不夠，有可能當前apk只有（-rw-------）許可權，通過Runtime.exec方法修改許可權之後再進行升級是可以成功 的。

PackageManager pm = this.getPackageManager();
  File file = new File("/data/data/com.zlc.ipanel.operate/FileOperate.apk");
  pm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(file), null,
    PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING, "com.zlc.ipanel");

（5）下面舉一個例子通過Eclipse來實現靜默安裝/卸載。
    1）按照我們上面講的靜默安裝需求一步步實現我們的操作。首先準備馬甲（靜默安裝需要調用的介面）
    由於調用了系統未公開的介面，而這些介面有些是通過aidl實現的，下面我們把需要的馬甲修改一下。
    PackageManager.java

/*
* Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package android.content.pm;

import android.content.Context;
import android.net.Uri;

/**
* Class for retrieving various kinds of information related to the application
* packages that are currently installed on the device.
*
* You can find this class through {@link Context#getPackageManager}.
*/
public abstract class PackageManager {

    /**
     * Flag parameter for {@link #installPackage} to indicate that you want to replace an already
     * installed package, if one exists.
     * @hide
     */
    public static final int INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING = 0x00000002;

    /**
     * @hide
     *
     * Install a package. Since this may take a little while, the result will
     * be posted back to the given observer.  An installation will fail if the calling context
     * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INSTALL_PACKAGES} permission, if the
     * package named in the package file's manifest is already installed, or if there's no space
     * available on the device.
     *
     * @param packageURI The location of the package file to install.  This can be a 'file:' or a
     * 'content:' URI.
     * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package installation is
     * complete. {@link IPackageInstallObserver#packageInstalled(String, int)} will be
     * called when that happens.  observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired.
     * @param flags - possible values: {@link #INSTALL_FORWARD_LOCK},
     * {@link #INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING}, {@link #INSTALL_ALLOW_TEST}.
     * @param installerPackageName Optional package name of the application that is performing the
     * installation. This identifies which market the package came from.
     */
    public abstract void installPackage(
            Uri packageURI, IPackageInstallObserver observer, int flags,
            String installerPackageName);

    /**
     * Attempts to delete a package.  Since this may take a little while, the result will
     * be posted back to the given observer.  A deletion will fail if the calling context
     * lacks the {@link android.Manifest.permission#DELETE_PACKAGES} permission, if the
     * named package cannot be found, or if the named package is a "system package".
     * (TODO: include pointer to documentation on "system packages")
     *
     * @param packageName The name of the package to delete
     * @param observer An observer callback to get notified when the package deletion is
     * complete. {@link android.content.pm.IPackageDeleteObserver#packageDeleted(boolean)} will be
     * called when that happens.  observer may be null to indicate that no callback is desired.
     * @param flags - possible values: {@link #DONT_DELETE_DATA}
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public abstract void deletePackage(
            String packageName, IPackageDeleteObserver observer, int flags);

}

安裝成功的回調介面IPackageInstallObserver.java（修改過的馬甲）

package android.content.pm;

import android.os.RemoteException;

public interface IPackageInstallObserver {
public class Stub implements IPackageInstallObserver{
  public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode)
    throws RemoteException {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub

  }
}
}

卸載成功的回調介面IPackageDeleteObserver.java（修改過的馬甲）

package android.content.pm;

public interface IPackageDeleteObserver {
public class Stub implements IPackageDeleteObserver{
  public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
  }
}
}

    2）馬甲準備好之後，就開始實現我們的操作邏輯。
    實現靜默安裝/卸載的方法，並且註冊回調（無論失敗成功都會返回對應值）   

 //靜默安裝
public static void installApkDefaul(Context context,String fileName,String pakcageName){
  Log.d(TAG, "jing mo an zhuang");
  File file = new File(fileName);
  int installFlags = 0;
  if(!file.exists())
   return;
  Log.d(TAG, "jing mo an zhuang  out");
  installFlags |= PackageManager.INSTALL_REPLACE_EXISTING; 
  PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
  IPackageInstallObserver observer = new MyPakcageInstallObserver();
  pm.installPackage(Uri.fromFile(file), observer, installFlags, pakcageName);
}
//靜默卸載
public static void uninstallApkDefaul(Context context,String packageName){
  PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
  IPackageDeleteObserver observer = new MyPackageDeleteObserver();
        pm.deletePackage(packageName, observer, 0);
}
//靜默卸載回調
private static class MyPackageDeleteObserver extends IPackageDeleteObserver.Stub{
  @Override
  public void packageDeleted(String packageName, int returnCode) {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   Log.d(TAG, "returnCode = "+returnCode);//返回1代表卸載成功
  }

 }
//靜默安裝回調
private static class MyPakcageInstallObserver extends IPackageInstallObserver.Stub{
  @Override
  public void packageInstalled(String packageName, int returnCode)
    throws RemoteException {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
       Log.i(TAG, "returnCode = " + returnCode);//返回1代表安裝成功 
  }
}

    3）主要的邏輯實現之後，在AndroidManifest.xml 添加安裝和卸載的許可權

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES" />

    4）運行Eclipse，產生該應用的apk，下面就要進行系統簽名了。寫一個指令碼來來實現替換成系統簽名
    使用簽名包簽名首先我們要去源碼裡面取出下面這幾個檔案platform.x509.pem、platform.pk8、signapk.jar
    
    指令碼1.bat （和產生的apk以及上面三個檔案放到同一個目錄下面，一般為工程下面的bin目錄）

java -jar  signapk.jar  platform.x509.pem  platform.pk8 FileUpdateControl.apk 1.apk
adb uninstall com.zlc.ipanel.operate
adb  install 1.apk

    5）當下載到系統裡面的apk許可權不夠時（靜默安裝提示許可權問題，有可能當前apk只有（-rw-------）許可權）
    可以使用下面三種方式修改許可權

    1.使用Runtime來啟動一個線程修改許可權

try {
   Runtime.getRuntime().exec("chmod 777 " + file.getCanonicalPath());
  } catch (IOException e) {
   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
   e.printStackTrace();
  }

    2.寫一個native介面直接通過jni調用c的介面修改許可權。
    3.使用FileUtils，這個類預設是隱藏的，官方sdk中不包含這個類，所以代碼如果要使用這個類，需要將工程放到android源碼中編譯
          FileUtils.setPermissions(f.getAbsolutePath(), FileUtils.S_IRUSR | FileUtils.S_IWUSR | FileUtils.S_IRGRP | FileUtils.S_IROTH, -1, -1) ;

三、其他apk安裝的方法

    （1）通過cmd視窗 adb 命令，install / uninstall apk。
    （2）cp apk 到 system/app目錄下，系統會自動安裝 
    （3）直接通過代碼調用pm命令執行apk的安裝和卸載 

1	execCommand("pm", "install", "-f", filePath);//安裝apk，filePath為apk檔案路徑，如/sdcard/operate.apk

2	execCommand("pm", "uninstall", packageName);//卸載apk，packageName為包名，如com.zlc.ipanel