Win7—64bit下Oracle和plsqldev的安裝使用

現象描述：Win7-64bit中成功安裝了  Oracle_win64_11gR2_database  和  plsqldev715  之後
                    啟動plsqldev時，發現其無法識別Oracle執行個體

主要原因：32位的應用程式PLSQL Developer在載入64位的oci.dll時，出錯！！

解決辦法：1、下載Oracle  Instant  Client
                         地址http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/downloads/index.html
                         點擊Database欄中的Instant Client，轉向後頁面中點擊Instant Client for Microsoft Windows(32-bit)連結
                         然後在新頁面中點擊Accept License Agreement單選框，最後單擊instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip下載連結
                         該連結的標註為Instant Client Package - Basic: All files required to run OCI, OCCI, and JDBC-OCI applications
                         實際為http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/instantclient/112020/instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip
                    2、解壓Oracle Instant Client
                         將下載到的47.9MB大小的instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip解壓到本地
                         原則上可將其解壓至任意目錄，但不推薦路徑名含有中文及空格。這裡我將其解壓到了%ORACLE_HOME%\product\目錄中
                    3、拷貝tnsnames.ora到instantclient_11_2根目錄中
                         將\\%ORACLE_HOME%\\product\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN\\中的tnsnames.ora拷貝到instantclient_11_2根目錄中
                         我們也可以自行建立tnsnames.ora檔案，其模版配置如下
                         系統標識符SID =
                                     (DESCRIPTION =
                                             (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 資料庫伺服器IP地址)(PORT = 連接埠))
                                             (CONNECT_DATA =
                                                     (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                                                     (SERVICE_NAME = 資料庫服務名)    或者    (SID = 資料庫服務名)  
                                             )
                                     )
                         備忘：我們會發現，即便在instantclient_11_2根目錄中建立了tnsnames.ora檔案後，plsqldve偶爾也會無法識別Oracle執行個體
                                   於是我就索性一股腦將sqlnet.ora、listener.ora、tnsnames.ora三個檔案都拷貝到了instantclient_11_2根目錄中
                                   實踐發現，這麼做之後，就沒有出現過plsqldev識別Oracle執行個體失敗的現象了，大家可以參考一下
                    4、配置系統內容變數
                         Win7---電腦---屬性---進階系統設定---環境變數---在系統變數中新增TNS_ADMIN和NLS_LANG變數
                         TNS_ADMIN = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2
                         NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8  或者  SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
                         其中AMERICAN_AMERICA是固定的，因為InstantClient不支援其他語言，而後半部分的AL32UTF8則取決於資料庫的字元集
                    5、配置plsqldev串連參數
                         啟動plsqldev---Tools---Preferences---Connection---配置Oracle Home和OCI library路徑
                         其中Oracle Home應該導航到InstantClient的解壓目錄，而OCI Library則指向到該目錄下的oci.dll
                         Oracle Home = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2
                         OCI library = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2\oci.dll
                    6、重啟plsqldev

補充：也可以寫一個批處理(*.bat)檔案，來自動化佈建啟動plsqldev時所需的變數。如下所示
            @echo off
            set TNS_ADMIN=D:\Develop\Oracle\product\instantclient_11_2
            set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
            start D:\Program" "Files\PLSQL" "Developer\plsqldev.exe