執行個體開發:利用 Visual C# .NET 使 Word 自動建立文檔?

本文中的程式碼範例將說明如何完成以下任務：

•	插入包含文本和格式的段落。
•	瀏覽和修改文檔中的不同範圍。
•	插入表格、設定表格格式並在表格中填充資料。
•	添加圖表。

要利用 Visual C# .NET 的自動化功能建立新的 Word 文檔，請執行以下步驟：

1.	啟動 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。在檔案菜單上，單擊建立，然後單擊項目。在項目類型下，單擊 Visual C# 項目，然後單擊模板下的 Windows 應用程式。預設情況下會建立 Form1。
2.	添加對 Microsoft Word 物件程式庫的引用。為此，請按照下列步驟操作： a. 在項目菜單上，單擊添加引用。 b. 在 COM 選項卡上，找到 Microsoft Word 物件程式庫，然後單擊選擇。 c. 在添加引用對話方塊中單擊確定，接受您的選擇。如果系統提示您為選定的庫產生封裝，請單擊是。
3.	在視圖菜單上，選擇工具箱以顯示工具箱，然後向 Form1 添加一個按鈕。
4.	雙擊 Button1。出現該表單的代碼視窗。
5.	在代碼視窗中，將以下代碼 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } 替換為： private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { object oMissing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; object oEndOfDoc = "\\endofdoc"; /* \endofdoc is a predefined bookmark */ //Start Word and create a new document. Word._Application oWord; Word._Document oDoc; oWord = new Word.Application(); oWord.Visible = true; oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); //Insert a paragraph at the beginning of the document. Word.Paragraph oPara1; oPara1 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oMissing); oPara1.Range.Text = "Heading 1"; oPara1.Range.Font.Bold = 1; oPara1.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; //24 pt spacing after paragraph. oPara1.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a paragraph at the end of the document. Word.Paragraph oPara2; object oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara2 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara2.Range.Text = "Heading 2"; oPara2.Format.SpaceAfter = 6; oPara2.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert another paragraph. Word.Paragraph oPara3; oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara3 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara3.Range.Text = "This is a sentence of normal text. Now here is a table:"; oPara3.Range.Font.Bold = 0; oPara3.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; oPara3.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a 3 x 5 table, fill it with data, and make the first row //bold and italic. Word.Table oTable; Word.Range wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 3, 5, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; int r, c; string strText; for(r = 1; r <= 3; r++) for(c = 1; c <= 5; c++) { strText = "r" + r + "c" + c; oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText; } oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Bold = 1; oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Italic = 1; //Add some text after the table. Word.Paragraph oPara4; oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oPara4 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng); oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphBefore(); oPara4.Range.Text = "And here's another table:"; oPara4.Format.SpaceAfter = 24; oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a 5 x 2 table, fill it with data, and change the column widths. wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 5, 2, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; for(r = 1; r <= 5; r++) for(c = 1; c <= 2; c++) { strText = "r" + r + "c" + c; oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText; } oTable.Columns[1].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(2); //Change width of columns 1 & 2 oTable.Columns[2].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(3); //Keep inserting text. When you get to 7 inches from top of the //document, insert a hard page break. object oPos; double dPos = oWord.InchesToPoints(7); oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range.InsertParagraphAfter(); do { wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; wrdRng.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6; wrdRng.InsertAfter("A line of text"); wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); oPos = wrdRng.get_Information (Word.WdInformation.wdVerticalPositionRelativeToPage); } while(dPos >= Convert.ToDouble(oPos)); object oCollapseEnd = Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd; object oPageBreak = Word.WdBreakType.wdPageBreak; wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd); wrdRng.InsertBreak(ref oPageBreak); wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd); wrdRng.InsertAfter("We're now on page 2. Here's my chart:"); wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); //Insert a chart. Word.InlineShape oShape; object oClassType = "MSGraph.Chart.8"; wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; oShape = wrdRng.InlineShapes.AddOLEObject(ref oClassType, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing); //Demonstrate use of late bound oChart and oChartApp objects to //manipulate the chart object with MSGraph. object oChart; object oChartApp; oChart = oShape.OLEFormat.Object; oChartApp = oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("Application", BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, oChart, null); //Change the chart type to Line. object[] Parameters = new Object[1]; Parameters[0] = 4; //xlLine = 4 oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("ChartType", BindingFlags.SetProperty, null, oChart, Parameters); //Update the chart image and quit MSGraph. oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Update", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null); oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Quit", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null); //... If desired, you can proceed from here using the Microsoft Graph //Object model on the oChart and oChartApp objects to make additional //changes to the chart. //Set the width of the chart. oShape.Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(6.25f); oShape.Height = oWord.InchesToPoints(3.57f); //Add text after the chart. wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range; wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter(); wrdRng.InsertAfter("THE END."); //Close this form. this.Close(); }
6.	滾動到代碼視窗的頂部。將下面的程式碼添加到 using 指令列表的末尾： using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word; using System.Reflection;
7.	按 F5 鍵產生並運行程式。
8.	單擊 Button1，啟動 Word 自動化功能並建立文檔。

代碼執行完成後，檢查為您建立的文檔。該文檔包含兩頁設定了格式的段落、表格和圖表。

使用模板

如果您要使用自動化功能建立的文檔都是通用格式，則利用基於預設格式的模板的新文檔來開始建立過程會更加容易。與從頭建立文檔相比，將某個模板與 Word 自動化用戶端配合使用有兩大優點：

•	您可以對整個文檔中的對象的格式設定和布局施加更多控制。
•	可以使用較少的代碼建立文檔。

通過使用模板，可以精確地調整表格、段落和其他對象在文檔中的布局，並可為這些對象添加格式設定。通過使用自動化功能，可以基於包含下面這樣的代碼的模板建立新文檔：

object oTemplate = "c:\\MyTemplate.dot";oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oTemplate, ref oMissing,ref oMissing, ref oMissing);

在模板中，可以定義書籤，這樣，自動化用戶端就可以在文檔的特定位置加入可變文本，如下所示：

object oBookMark = "MyBookmark";oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.Text = "Some Text Here";

使用模板的另一個優點在於，您可以建立和儲存希望在運行時應用的格式樣式，如下所示：

object oStyleName = "MyStyle";oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.set_Style(ref oStyleName);

- 或者 -

object oStyleName = "MyStyle";oWord.Selection.set_Style(ref oStyleName);