Android中可以簡單直接地使用intent來擷取已安裝應用軟體提供的功能,它是Android的關鍵組件之一,主要作用有兩個:一是觸發其他應用程式提供的功能;二是在單個應用程式中實現Activity之間的切換。
軟體開發人員使用intent filter來聲明應用程式提供某種特定功能,這個聲明是在AndroidManifest.xml中進行的,例如,內建的Camera應用在它的manifest檔案中的"Camera"標籤下進行了如下聲明:
[html]
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE" />
<action android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
</intent-filter>
要通過intent來使用Camera應用,我們只需建立一個Intent來捕獲上面聲明的filter就行,代碼如下:
[java]
Intent it = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
但上面代碼顯然屬於寫入程式碼,字串"android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE"將來如果改變了,我們的代碼也得跟著修改,不利於維護,好在MediaStore類提供常量ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE供開發人員使用,這樣字串名稱變動就在Android內部自己解決,對外的介面ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE不變,改進後的代碼如下:
[java]
Intent it = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
startActivity(it);
1)從Camera應用返回資料
只捕獲映像而不進行儲存或其他處理是沒有任何意義的,為了獲得Camera應用捕獲到的映像,我們只需使用startActivityForResult函數代替startActivity,同時重載Activity的函數onActivityResult即可,從Camera返回的資料我們當作Bitmap來處理,代碼如下:
[java]
<span style="font-size:18px;">package hust.iprai.asce1885.promedia;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ImageView;
public class ImageCaptureActivity extends Activity {
final static int CAMERA_RESULT = 0;
ImageView iv = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
Intent it = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
startActivityForResult(it, CAMERA_RESULT);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (RESULT_OK == resultCode) {
// Get Extra from the intent
Bundle extras = data.getExtras();
// Get the returned image from extra
Bitmap bmp = (Bitmap) extras.get("data");
iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.ReturnedImageView);
iv.setImageBitmap(bmp);
}
}
}</span>
對應的layout/main.xml檔案如下:
[html]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/ReturnedImageView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
編譯運行上面的代碼,我們發現捕獲的映像很小,這是因為Camera應用當被intent觸發時,它並不會給調用它的Activity返回完整大小的映像,這樣做是考慮到行動裝置記憶體有限,而完整的映像佔用的記憶體空間不小。
2)儲存捕獲的映像
如果我們想直接將網路攝影機捕獲的映像儲存為圖片,可以在調用Camera應用時傳遞一個額外參數,並指定儲存映像的URI即可。額外參數的名稱是定義在MediaStore中的常量EXTRA_OUTPUT。下面的程式碼片段就是將Camera應用捕獲的映像儲存到SD卡中,命名為myfavoritepicture.jpg:
[java]
String imageFilePath =
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() +
"/myfavoritepicture.jpg";
File imageFile = new File(imageFilePath);
Uri imageFileUri = Uri.fromFile(imageFile);
Intent it = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
it.putExtra(android.provider.MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageFileUri);
startActivityForResult(it, CAMERA_RESULT);
3)顯示大映像
載入和顯示映像通常會佔用較多的記憶體空間,為了減少記憶體用盡的可能性,Android提供了稱為BitmapFactory的工具類,它提供了一系列的靜態函數從不同的來源載入Bitmap映像。先來關注BitmapFactory.Options類,它允許我們定義將位元影像讀入記憶體的方式。例如,我們可以設定BitmapFactory載入映像時使用的樣本大小,這隻需設定BitmapFactory.Options.inSampleSize的值就行,下面的程式碼片段指示將inSampleSize設為8,這將使載入的映像是原映像大小的1/8:
[java]
BitmapFactory.Options bmpFactoryOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bmpFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = 8;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFilePath, bmpFactoryOptions);
這是載入大映像的快速方法,但它沒有考慮映像的實際大小以及手機螢幕的大小,實際中,縮放映像後通常需要適合螢幕的大小。
我們一般會根據螢幕的尺寸來計算inSampleSize的值,擷取顯示螢幕寬高的代碼如下:
[java]
Display currentDisplay = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
int dw = currentDisplay.getWidth();
int dh = currentDisplay.getHeight();
而要擷取映像的實際大小,我們還是使用BitmapFactory.Options類,並將BitmapFactory.Options.inJustDecodeBounds變數設為true,這將告訴BitmapFactory類在只計算出映像的大小,而不實際進行映像的解碼:
[java]
// Load up the image's dimensions not the image itself
BitmapFactory.Options bmpFactoryOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bmpFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFilePath, bmpFactoryOptions);
int heightRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmpFactoryOptions.outHeight/(float)dh);
int widthRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmpFactoryOptions.outWidth/(float)dw);
上面計算出高和寬的比率如果都大於1時,我們縮小映像時取較大的比率作為inSampleSize的值:
[java]
// If both of the ratios are greater than 1,
// one of the sides of the image is greater than the screen
if ((heightRatio > 1) && (widthRatio > 1)) {
if (heightRatio > widthRatio) {
// Height ratio is larger, scale according to it
bmpFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = heightRatio;
} else {
// Width ratio is larger, scale according to it
bmpFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = widthRatio;
}
}
// Decode it for real
bmpFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFilePath, bmpFactoryOptions);
完整的顯示大映像的代碼如下所示,先看layout/main.xml檔案:
[java]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<ImageView android:id="@+id/ReturnedImageView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
接著就是Java代碼部分了:
[java]
package hust.iprai.asce1885.promedia;
import java.io.File;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Display;
import android.widget.ImageView;
public class SizedCameraActivity extends Activity {
final static int CAMERA_RESULT = 0;
ImageView iv = null;
String imageFilePath = "";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
String imageFilePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() +
"/myfavoritepicture.jpg";
File imageFile = new File(imageFilePath);
Uri imageFileUri = Uri.fromFile(imageFile);
Intent it = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
it.putExtra(android.provider.MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageFileUri);
startActivityForResult(it, CAMERA_RESULT);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (RESULT_OK == resultCode) {
iv = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.ReturnedImageView);
Display currentDisplay = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
int dw = currentDisplay.getWidth();
int dh = currentDisplay.getHeight();
// Load up the image's dimensions not the image itself
BitmapFactory.Options bmpFactoryOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bmpFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFilePath, bmpFactoryOptions);
int heightRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmpFactoryOptions.outHeight/(float)dh);
int widthRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmpFactoryOptions.outWidth/(float)dw);
Log.v("HEIGHTRATIO", "" + heightRatio);
Log.v("WIDTHRATIO", "" + widthRatio);
// If both of the ratios are greater than 1,
// one of the sides of the image is greater than the screen
if ((heightRatio > 1) && (widthRatio > 1)) {
if (heightRatio > widthRatio) {
// Height ratio is larger, scale according to it
bmpFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = heightRatio;
} else {
// Width ratio is larger, scale according to it
bmpFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = widthRatio;
}
}
// Decode it for real
bmpFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFilePath, bmpFactoryOptions);
// Display it
iv.setImageBitmap(bmp);
}
}
}
摘自 ASCE1885的專欄