Linux作業系統下配置DNS伺服器的方法介紹

　　有兩台郵件伺服器分別為192.168.1.1(windows下主機名稱為b.test.cn）和192.168.1.3（linux下主機名稱為a.test.com）。

　　在linux下配置DNS伺服器，下面是配置過程中設定過的一些檔案，

　　/etc/hosts 檔案的具體內容如下：

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost fc4
192.168.1.3 a.test.com a
192.168.1.1 b.test.cn b

　　/etc/host.conf 檔案：

　　order hosts,bind

　　表示先用hosts檔案做解析，在用DNS解析

　　/etc/resolv.conf 檔案：

; generated by NetworkManager, do not edit!
search test.com
nameserver 127.0.0.1
search test.cn
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 61.144.56.100
/etc/named.conf 檔案：
//
// named.conf for Red Hat caching-nameserver
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
// query-source address * port 53;
};
//
// a caching only nameserver config
//
controls {
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "test.com"IN {
type master;
file "test.com";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"IN {
type master;
file "192.168.1.rev";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "test.cn"IN {
type master;
file "test.cn";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.ip6.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";

　　在/var/name/test.com 檔案下：

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA a.test.com. root.a.test.com (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS a.test.com.
IN MX 10 mail.test.com.
a IN A 192.168.1.3
mail IN A 192.168.1.3

　　//其中root.a.test.com的含義是管理員的郵箱

　　/var/name/test.cn 檔案下：

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA b.test.cn. root.a.test.com (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS b.test.cn.
IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.
b IN A 192.168.1.1
mail IN A 192.168.1.1

　　/var/name/192.168.1.rev 檔案下：

$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. root.test.com. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS a.test.com.
IN NS b.test.cn.
IN MX 10 mail.test.com.
IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.
3 IN PTR a.test.com.
3 IN PTR mail.test.com.
1 IN PTR b.test.cn.
1 IN PTR mail.test.cn.

　　然後用/etc/init.d/named restart重啟DNS服務，在重啟過程中，我曾經出現過好幾次的錯誤，按照出錯的提示，會提示是named.conf檔案第幾行出錯的。或者提示在那些包含檔案例如test.cn這些檔案裡面的問題，然後一個一個排除。

　　最後還有一些nslookup的命令比較有用：

　　set all用於顯示使用nslookup工具這台機器上的DNS伺服器的一些資訊

　　set type=any會顯示完整資訊包括域中郵件伺服器和主從DNS伺服器的名字和IP地址

　　server 192.168.0.1更換查詢的DNS伺服器位址。