iOS開發-Masonry簡易教程

標籤：

關於iOS布局自動iPhone6之後就是AutoLayOut，AutoLayOut固然非常好用，不過有時候我們需要在頁面手動進行頁面配置，VFL算是一種選擇，如果對VFL不是很熟悉可以參考iOS開發-VFL(Visual format language)和Autolayout。VFL不複雜，理解起來很容易，實際開發中用的特別熟還好，要是第一次看估計要花點功夫才能搞定。Masonry算是VFL的簡化版，用的人比較多，之前項目中用過一次，對手動寫頁面的開發來說算是福利。

 基礎知識

首先我們看一個常見的問題將一個子View放在的UIViewController的某個位置，通過設定邊距來實現，效果如下:

如果通過VFL我們代碼會是這樣的:

    UIView *superview                               = self.view;    UIView *view1                                   = [[UIView alloc] init];    view1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;    view1.backgroundColor                           = [UIColor redColor];    [superview addSubview:view1];    UIEdgeInsets padding                            = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);    [superview addConstraints:@[                                //約束                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual                                                                toItem:superview                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop                                                            multiplier:1.0                                                              constant:padding.top],                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual                                                                toItem:superview                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft                                                            multiplier:1.0                                                              constant:padding.left],                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual                                                                toItem:superview                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom                                                            multiplier:1.0                                                              constant:-padding.bottom],                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual                                                                toItem:superview                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight                                                            multiplier:1                                                              constant:-padding.right],                                ]];

只是簡單的設定了一個邊距，如果視圖的關係比較複雜，維護起來會是一個很痛苦的事情，我們看一下Masonry是如何?的，匯入Masonry.h標頭檔，約束的代碼:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];    //先將子View加入在父視圖中    [self.view addSubview:childView];    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    UIEdgeInsets padding = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        make.edges.equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.insets(padding);    }];

通過mas_makeConstraints設定邊距有種鳥槍換炮的感覺，我們即將開啟一段新的旅程，可以緊接著看下面比較實用的功能~

實用知識

1.View設定大小 

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];    //先將子View加入在父視圖中    [self.view addSubview:childView];    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        //設定大小        make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(100, 100));        //置中        make.center.equalTo(weakSelf.view);    }];

效果如下:

　　

 

這裡友情其實一個小內容，目前我們設定約束都是通過mas_makeConstraints用來建立約束,mas_updateConstraints用來更新約束，mas_remakeConstraints重設約束，清除之前的約束，保留最新的約束,如果想深入解釋下，可以閱讀下面的英文解釋~

 

 

/** *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing * *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. * *  @return Array of created MASConstraints */- (NSArray *)mas_makeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;/** *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing. *  If an existing constraint exists then it will be updated instead. * *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. * *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints */- (NSArray *)mas_updateConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;/** *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view. *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing. *  All constraints previously installed for the view will be removed. * *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view. * *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints */- (NSArray *)mas_remakeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;

 

2.設定高度，這裡設定左右邊距，因此不設定寬度，如果想單獨設定width可參考高度的設定方式:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];    //先將子View加入在父視圖中    [self.view addSubview:childView];    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        //距離頂部44        make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44);        //距離左邊30        make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30);        //距離右邊30，注意是負數        make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30);        //高度150        make.height.mas_equalTo(@150);    }];

 

3.子視圖之間的位置設定:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];    //先將子View加入在父視圖中    [self.view addSubview:childView];    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        //距離頂部44        make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44);        //距離左邊30        make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30);        //距離右邊30，注意是負數        make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30);        //高度150        make.height.mas_equalTo(@150);    }];    //地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/    UIView *nextView=[UIView new];    [nextView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];    [self.view addSubview:nextView];    [nextView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        make.top.equalTo(childView.mas_bottom).with.offset(30);        make.right.equalTo(childView.mas_right).with.offset(-30);        make.width.mas_equalTo(@100);        make.height.mas_equalTo(@100);    }];

4.鏈式寫法，算是一個便利的寫法:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];    //先將子View加入在父視圖中    [self.view addSubview:childView];    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(100);        make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-100);        //第二種寫法更簡單，相對於就是父視圖//        make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(100);//        make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(-100);    }];        UILabel *label=[UILabel new];    [label setText:@"部落格園-FlyElephant"];    [label setTextColor:[UIColor redColor]];    [label setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];    [self.view addSubview:label];    [label mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {        make.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(10);        make.height.mas_equalTo(20);        make.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-10);        make.bottom.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-50);    }];

　

網上關於Masonry的教程很多，給的例子的也很多，這幾種情況基本上滿足了開發中的需求，不會有太多的出入，算是一個簡易版的教程，Masonry的中屬性和iOS中的屬性是有對應的關係，不過因為很簡單，基本上沒怎麼看，是一個對照關係:

 

iOS開發-Masonry簡易教程