iOS: iPhone鍵盤通知與鍵盤定製

標籤：

一.鍵盤通知

當文本View(如UITextField,UITextView, UIWebView內的輸入框)進入編輯模式成為first responder時，系統會自動顯示鍵盤。成為firstresponder可能由使用者點擊觸發，也可向文本View發送becomeFirstResponder訊息觸發。當文本視圖退出first responder時，鍵盤會消失。文本View退出first responder可能由使用者點擊鍵盤上的Done或Return鍵結束輸入觸發，也可向文本View發送resignFirstResponder訊息觸發。

當鍵盤顯示或消失時，系統會發送相關的通知:
UIKeyboardWillShowNotification
UIKeyboardDidShowNotification
UIKeyboardWillHideNotification
UIKeyboardDidHideNotification

通知訊息 NSNotification中的 userInfo字典中包含鍵盤的位置和大小資訊，對應的key為

UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey
UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey
UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey
UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey

UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey,UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey對應的Value是個NSValue對象，內部包含CGRect結構，分別為鍵盤起始時和終止時的位置資訊。

UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey對應的Value是NSNumber對象，內部為UIViewAnimationCurve類型的資料，表示鍵盤顯示或消失的動畫類型。

UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey對應的Value也是NSNumber對象，內部為double類型的資料，表示鍵盤h顯示或消失時動畫的期間。

例如，在UIKeyboardWillShowNotification，UIKeyboardDidShowNotification通知中的userInfo內容為

userInfo = {    UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey = 0;    UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey = "0.25";    UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 0}, {320, 216}}";    UIKeyboardCenterBeginUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 588}";    UIKeyboardCenterEndUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 372}";    UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 480}, {320, 216}}";    UIKeyboardFrameChangedByUserInteraction = 0;    UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 264}, {320, 216}}";}

在UIKeyboardWillHideNotification,UIKeyboardDidHideNotification通知中的
userInfo內容為:

userInfo = {    UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey = 0;    UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey = "0.25";    UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 0}, {320, 216}}";    UIKeyboardCenterBeginUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 372}";    UIKeyboardCenterEndUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 588}";    UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 264}, {320, 216}}";    UIKeyboardFrameChangedByUserInteraction = 0;    UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 480}, {320, 216}}";}

 

在Text,Web, and Editing Programming Guide for iOS中，有如下描述Note: The rectangle contained in the UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey and UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey properties of the userInfo dictionary should be used only for the size information it contains. Do not use the origin of the rectangle (which is always {0.0, 0.0}) in rectangle-intersection operations. Because the keyboard is animated into position, the actual bounding rectangle of the keyboard changes over time.
但從實際擷取的資訊來看，矩形的origin並不為{0.0, 0.0},這裡應該不準確。

二.文字物件與WebView鍵盤設定

UITextFiled和 UITextView都遵循 UITextInputTraits協議，在UITextInputTraits協議中定義了設定鍵盤的屬性，有

1. keyboardType:鍵盤類型，如UIKeyboardTypeDefault,UIKeyboardTypeURL,UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress,UIKeyboardTypePhonePad等

2. returnKeyType:鍵盤Return鍵顯示的文本，預設為”Return”,其他可選擇的包括Go,Next,Done,Send,Google等。

3. keyboardAppearance：鍵盤外觀，預設為 UIKeyboardAppearanceDefault，即中的淺蘭色不透明背景，另外還有一種為 UIKeyboardAppearanceAlert，
鍵盤背景為黑色半透明，用於在警告框輸入時顯示，例如appStore中輸入密碼時：

若想顯示黑色拇指鍵盤又不想透明露出底部視圖，可以將鍵盤配置成Alert類型的，然後監聽鍵盤顯示的廣播通知，在顯示鍵盤時在鍵盤底部增加一不透明黑色背景視圖。

注:在蘋果的鍵盤樣本程式 KeyboardAccessory中，將UITextView鍵盤類型更改為UIKeyboardAppearanceAlert,在iPad模擬器中運行鍵盤並沒有出現黑色透明的效果，不知為何? 在iPhone中UIKeyboardAppearanceAlert設定有效。

4.autocapitalizationType:文字大小寫樣式，見 UITextAutocapitalizationType。
5.autocorrectionType:是否自動校正，見 UITextAutocorrectionType。
6.spellCheckingType:拼字檢查設定，見UITextSpellCheckingType。
7. enablesReturnKeyAutomatically：是否在無文本時禁用Return鍵，預設為NO。若為YES,則使用者至少輸入一個字元後Return鍵才被啟用。 
8. secureTextEntry：若輸入的是密碼，可設定此類型為YES,輸入字元時可顯示最後一個字元，其他字元顯示為點。

UIWebView本身不直接遵循 UITextInputTraits協議，但同樣可設定其內部輸入組件的鍵盤屬性。如Configuring the Keyboard for Web Views中所述。

設定autocorrect, auto-capitalization屬性。

<input type="text" size="30" autocorrect="off" autocapitalization="on">

設定鍵盤類型:

Text: <input type="text"></input>Telephone: <input type="tel"></input>URL: <input type="url"></input>Email: <input type="email"></input>Zip code: <input type="text" pattern="[0-9]*"></input>

三. 使用鍵盤通知調整文本視圖位置

當文本視圖成為First Responser時在視窗底部會顯示出鍵盤，顯示的鍵盤很可能會將文本視圖蓋住從而無法看到編輯的效果。鍵盤通知的一大用途即在鍵盤顯示或隱藏時擷取到鍵盤的位置資訊，從而可以調整視窗中的文本視圖位置或大小，使其可以在鍵盤上方顯示。

Text, Web, and Editing Programming Guide for iOS中的Moving
Content That Is Located Under the Keyboard節在鍵盤顯示和消失通知中，通過調整內容UIScrollView視圖的 contentInset和 contentOffset來保證編輯的文本視圖不會被鍵盤蓋住。

其流程為
1.在初始化( viewDidLoad或viewWillAppear)時，註冊處理鍵盤通知的方法。

- (void)registerForKeyboardNotifications{    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self            selector:@selector(keyboardWasShown:)            name:UIKeyboardDidShowNotification object:nil];   [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self             selector:@selector(keyboardWillBeHidden:)             name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object:nil];}

2.在鍵盤顯示的通知事件處理中擷取到即將顯示鍵盤的大小，將 UIScrollView的contentInset設定為鍵盤的frame地區，同樣設定scrollIndicatorInsets保證捲軸不會被鍵盤蓋住。擷取到編輯文本視圖的原點位置，與鍵盤顯示地區比較，若會被鍵盤覆蓋，則調整 contentOffset以使其在鍵盤上方

// Called when the UIKeyboardDidShowNotification is sent.- (void)keyboardWasShown:(NSNotification*)aNotification{    NSDictionary* info = [aNotification userInfo];    CGSize kbSize = [[info objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey] CGRectValue].size;    UIEdgeInsets contentInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0.0, 0.0, kbSize.height, 0.0);    scrollView.contentInset = contentInsets;    scrollView.scrollIndicatorInsets = contentInsets;    // If active text field is hidden by keyboard, scroll it so it‘s visible    // Your application might not need or want this behavior.    CGRect aRect = self.view.frame;    aRect.size.height -= kbSize.height;    if (!CGRectContainsPoint(aRect, activeField.frame.origin) ) {        CGPoint scrollPoint = CGPointMake(0.0, activeField.frame.origin.y-kbSize.height);        [scrollView setContentOffset:scrollPoint animated:YES];    }}

3.在鍵盤消失的通知處理事件中，簡單的將UIScrollView恢複即可

// Called when the UIKeyboardWillHideNotification is sent- (void)keyboardWillBeHidden:(NSNotification*)aNotification{    UIEdgeInsets contentInsets = UIEdgeInsetsZero;    scrollView.contentInset = contentInsets;    scrollView.scrollIndicatorInsets = contentInsets;}

在蘋果的 KeyboardAccessory樣本程式中同樣示範了使用鍵盤通知來調整文本視圖位置的代碼，其中使用了鍵盤通知中的鍵盤動畫時間，從而使文本視圖移動的動畫與鍵盤的顯示和消失同步。

- (void)keyboardWillShow:(NSNotification *)notification {    /*     Reduce the size of the text view so that it‘s not obscured by the keyboard.     Animate the resize so that it‘s in sync with the appearance of the keyboard.     */    NSDictionary *userInfo = [notification userInfo];    // Get the origin of the keyboard when it‘s displayed.    NSValue* aValue = [userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey];    // Get the top of the keyboard as the y coordinate of its origin in self‘s view‘s coordinate system. The bottom of the text view‘s frame should align with the top of the keyboard‘s final position.    CGRect keyboardRect = [aValue CGRectValue];    keyboardRect = [self.view convertRect:keyboardRect fromView:nil];    CGFloat keyboardTop = keyboardRect.origin.y;    CGRect newTextViewFrame = self.view.bounds;    newTextViewFrame.size.height = keyboardTop - self.view.bounds.origin.y;    // Get the duration of the animation.    NSValue *animationDurationValue = [userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey];    NSTimeInterval animationDuration;    [animationDurationValue getValue:&animationDuration];    // Animate the resize of the text view‘s frame in sync with the keyboard‘s appearance.    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];    [UIView setAnimationDuration:animationDuration];    textView.frame = newTextViewFrame;    [UIView commitAnimations];}- (void)keyboardWillHide:(NSNotification *)notification {    NSDictionary* userInfo = [notification userInfo];    /*     Restore the size of the text view (fill self‘s view).     Animate the resize so that it‘s in sync with the disappearance of the keyboard.     */    NSValue *animationDurationValue = [userInfo objectForKey:UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey];    NSTimeInterval animationDuration;    [animationDurationValue getValue:&animationDuration];    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];    [UIView setAnimationDuration:animationDuration];    textView.frame = self.view.bounds;    [UIView commitAnimations];}

關於調整文本視圖大小的代碼，還可以參考Different way to show keyboard and resize UIView with text field。

還可以在鍵盤通知中實現自訂鍵盤，例如UIKEYBOARDTYPENUMBERPAD AND THE MISSING “RETURN” KEY中使用鍵盤通知在數字鍵台中增加Return鍵,還可參考UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad鍵盤增加Return鍵

注:若在同一視窗中有兩個UITextField,當第一個UITextField成為First Responser時，開始顯示鍵盤並接收到UIKeyboardWillShowNotification,UIKeyboardDidShowNotification通知,當First Responser轉移到第二個UITextField時，鍵盤會一直顯示，此時不會收到WillShow和DidShow的通知。

四.使用inputAccessoryView與inputView定製輸入視圖

inputAccessoryView和 inputView屬性在 UIResponder中定義，為readonly的屬性，但在UITextFiled和 UITextView中重新定義為了readwrite的屬性，可以由使用者賦值。若 inputView的不為nil,則當文本視圖成為first responder時，不會顯示系統鍵盤，而是顯示自訂的inputView;若inputAccessoryView不
為nil,則inputAccessoryView會顯示在系統鍵盤或定製inputView的上方。當使用inputView時，仍然會有WillShow,DidShow,WillHide,DidHide的鍵盤通知，通知中的BeginFrame與EndFrame為系統鍵盤(或inputView)與inputAccessoryView一起的frame。

自訂inputAccessoryView非常常見,如編輯簡訊時的輸入框


Web頁面輸入鍵盤


新浪微博評論介面

若想在輸入時不使用系統鍵盤，而使用自訂的鍵盤，則可以設定inputView，如隨手記中的金額輸入時的鍵盤

若不想使用鍵盤輸入，想從UIPickerView或UIDatePicker中選擇，可設定inputView為對應的Picker視圖，

蘋果鍵盤樣本程式 KeyboardAccessory示範了inputAccessoryView的使用方法。
 iOS,Want a “button” above a UIPicker or Keyboard, inputView,inputAccessoryView示範了在UIPickerView之上添加Toolbar的代碼。

在標準視圖中只有UITextField和UITextView將inputView和inputAccessoryView重新定義為了readwrite類型，若想在自訂視圖中使用，需要在自訂視圖中重新定義inputView和inputAccessoryView屬性。見Input Views and Input Accessory Views。

參考:
Text, Web, and Editing Programming Guide for iOS – Managing the Keyboard
Text,Web, and Editing Programming Guide for iOS – Input Views and Input Accessory Views
UITextView Class Reference
UITextField Class Reference
UIResponder Class Reference
UIWindow Class Reference
UITextInputTraits Protocol Reference
KeyboardAccessory Demo
Different way to show keyboard and resize UIView with text field
iOS, Want a “button” above a UIPicker or Keyboard, inputView, inputAccessoryView
UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey
UIKeyboard鍵盤相關知識點-IOS開發
Change UISearchBar/Keyboard Search Button Title
iOS Human Interface Guidelines Keyboards and Input Views
How change keyboard background color in iOS?
Favorites UI design

iOS: iPhone鍵盤通知與鍵盤定製