Java基礎——GUI編程(二),java基礎gui編程
一、事件監聽機制
-- 事件來源:awt 或swing包中的那些圖形介面組件,即發生事件的組件
-- 事件:Event 使用者對組件的一個操作
-- 監聽器:Listener 負責處理事件的方法
二、java.awt.event 包下的類
WindowEvent //視窗事件,比如使用者點了半閉視窗,視窗得到或失去焦點,最大化最小化等
MouseEvent //滑鼠事件,滑鼠按下,滑鼠釋放,點擊(按下後再鬆開)等
ActionEvent //動作事件,它不是代表一個具體動作,而是一種語義,比如按紐,或菜單被點擊,在文字框中按下斷行符號等,可以這樣理解:使用者的某一動作導致了某個組件本身的基本作用發生了,這就是ActionEvent事件
不同的事件類型,對應著不同的事件監聽器介面,介面的名稱和事件的名稱是相對應的。
WindowEvent - >WindowListener
MouseEvent ->MouseListener
ActionEvent ->ActionListener
程式碼範例:
import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;import java.awt.event.WindowListener;public class Test20 { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame f = new Frame(); f.setSize(400, 400); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() { @Override public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) { // 視窗被開啟 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { // 設定關閉事件 // TODO Auto-generated method stub System.exit(0); } @Override public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { // 使用者已經關閉視窗 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) { // 被最小化的時候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) { // 最小化被還原的時候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { // 表單被啟用 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) { // 失去焦點的時候 // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }); }}
有沒有發現,用WindowListener介面的時候,會引入一大堆不常用的代碼(這裡我們只想設定關閉),借口裡的方法只能被覆蓋,又不能刪掉,這樣就是的整個項目顯得很羅嗦,為瞭解決這個事情,就有了事件適配器。
三、事件適配器
JDK 針對大多數事件監聽器介面類定義了相應的實作類別(裡面有很多空實現的方法,方便我們建立接聽程式對象),我們稱為事件適配器類。這裡我用到了WindowAdapter。
import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;public class Test21 { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame f = new Frame("事件適配器的栗子"); f.setSize(400, 400); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); }}
可以觀察一下WindowAdapter類的源碼,找找感覺。
public abstract class WindowAdapter implements WindowListener, WindowStateListener, WindowFocusListener{ /** * Invoked when a window has been opened. */ public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed. * The close operation can be overridden at this point. */ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window has been closed. */ public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is iconified. */ public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is de-iconified. */ public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is activated. */ public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window is de-activated. */ public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when a window state is changed. * @since 1.4 */ public void windowStateChanged(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when the Window is set to be the focused Window, which means * that the Window, or one of its subcomponents, will receive keyboard * events. * * @since 1.4 */ public void windowGainedFocus(WindowEvent e) {} /** * Invoked when the Window is no longer the focused Window, which means * that keyboard events will no longer be delivered to the Window or any of * its subcomponents. * * @since 1.4 */ public void windowLostFocus(WindowEvent e) {}}
練習幾個個事件處理常式的栗子吧。
例一:
import java.awt.Button;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;//例一:在表單中放置一個按紐,點擊後讓程式退出class TestFrame implements ActionListener { // ActionListener介面裡面只有一個方法,下面會重寫 private Frame f; public TestFrame() { f = new Frame("視窗"); init(); } private void init() { f.setSize(300, 300); f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());// 配置模式 Button b = new Button("退出程式"); b.addActionListener(this); f.add(b); f.setVisible(true); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub f.setVisible(false); f.dispose();// 在關閉的時候,可以用它來銷毀表單資源 System.exit(0);// 退出 }}public class Test22 { public static void main(String[] args) { new TestFrame(); }}
上面的,點擊退出程式按鈕才可以退出,點擊右上方的X,是不可以退出的哦。因為沒有設定WindowListener哦。
這個例子用到ActionListener介面,可以看一下它的原始碼,如下:
public interface ActionListener extends EventListener { /** * Invoked when an action occurs. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e);}
例二:
import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.TextField;import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;//在表單中,放置一個文字框,能過濾非法字元( 除了數字以外的 ) public class TestFrame { private Frame f; private TextField txtNo;// TextField代表文字框 public TestFrame() { f = new Frame("請輸入密碼"); //f.setBackground(red);這裡我自己試的, 沒成功
f.setBackground(Color.red);//這樣就可以了
f.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);// 設定視窗座標和大小 f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());// 設定表單布局 txtNo = new TextField(10);// 設定輸入視窗的顯示長度。輸入的內容長度沒有界限 f.add(txtNo); txtNo.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { // 從JDk中粘貼過來這個方法來用 public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { int code = e.getKeyCode(); if (!(code >= KeyEvent.VK_0 && code <= KeyEvent.VK_9)) {// 設定輸入內容為0-9 System.out.println(KeyEvent.getKeyText(code) + "輸入有誤"); e.consume(); } } }); f.setVisible(true); f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { f.dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); }}
測試類別:
public class Test23 { public static void main(String[] args) { new TestFrame(); }}
例三:
列出指定目錄的內容:
import java.awt.Button;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.Frame;import java.awt.TextArea;import java.awt.TextField;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;import java.io.File;public class Test24 { public static void main(String[] args) { new MyWindow(); }}class MyWindow { MyWindow() { init(); } private Frame f; private Button b; private TextField txtDir;// 用來輸入目錄名稱 private TextArea txtFileList;// 用來顯示檔案清單 private void init() { f = new Frame("視窗"); f.setBounds(44, 44, 500, 500); f.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); txtDir = new TextField(8); b = new Button("顯示"); txtFileList = new TextArea(20, 30);// 用來顯示檔案清單的地區 f.add(txtDir); f.add(b); f.add(txtFileList); initEvent(); f.setVisible(true); } private void initEvent() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { /** * Invoked when a window is in the process of being closed. The * close operation can be overridden at this point. */ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { /** * Invoked when an action occurs. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { txtFileList.setText(""); String dirStr = txtDir.getText();// 取出使用者輸入的路徑 File file = new File(dirStr); if (file.isDirectory() && file.exists()) { String[] fileNameList = file.list(); for (String s : fileNameList) { txtFileList.append(s + "\r\n");// 別忘了分行符號 } } else { txtFileList.append("輸入有誤,請重新輸入"); } } }); }}
結果:(我讓它顯示我D盤的目錄)