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Java裝飾者模式簡介
一、假設有一個Worker介面,它有一個doSomething方法,Plumber和Carpenter都實現了Worker介面,代碼及關係如下:
1.Worker.javapackage decorator;public interface Worker { public void doSomething();}
2.Plumber.javapublic class Plumber implements Worker { @Override public void doSomething() { System.out.println("修理水管"); }}
3.Carpenterpublic class Carpenter implements Worker{ public void doSomething(){ System.out.println("修門窗"); }}
4.測試代碼 Test.javapublic class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Worker worker = null; Carpenter carpenter = new Carpenter(); Plumber plumber = new Plumber(); worker = carpenter; worker.doSomething(); worker = plumber; worker.doSomething(); }}
測試結果如下:
二、現有A、B兩家公司,都有木工(Carpenter)和水管工(Plumber),但兩公司的對兩個工種的要求都不同,A公司要求員工在doSomething前自己介紹“我是A公司的”;B公司要求員工在doSomething前自己介紹“我是B公司的”;一個直接但不科學的設計方法是為每個公司都設計各自的木工(Carpenter)和水管工(Plumber),若公司增加到100個,則類要增加到200個,若再增加其他工種,則類會更多,關係如下:
三、此情況適合採用裝飾者模式,為每個公司設計一個裝飾類xWorker,xWorker也實現Worker介面,且有一個參數類型為Worker的建構函式和一個類型為Worker的成員變數,這樣xWorker就可以取得相應類型worker的引用,在xWorker的doSomething()方法裡處理各自公司的特殊要求:
1 增加類 AWorker.java 2 3 public class AWorker implements Worker { 4 5 private Worker worker; 6 7 //通過些建構函式,AWorker就可以得到具體工種的引用, 8 //為下面的doSomething()方法中加入A公司的特殊要求做準備 9 public AWorker(Worker worker){10 this.worker = worker;11 }12 13 @Override14 public void doSomething() {15 System.out.println("您好!我是A公司的員工");16 worker.doSomething();17 }18 19 }
1 //增加類 BWorker.java 2 3 public class BWorker implements Worker { 4 5 private Worker worker; 6 7 public BWorker(Worker worker){ 8 this.worker = worker; 9 }10 11 @Override12 public void doSomething() {13 System.out.println("您好!我是B公司的員工。");14 worker.doSomething();15 }16 17 }
1 //測試代碼 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 5 //A公司 6 Carpenter carpenterA = new Carpenter(); 7 Plumber plumberA = new Plumber(); 8 AWorker aWorker1 = new AWorker(carpenterA); 9 AWorker aWorker2 = new AWorker(plumberA);10 11 aWorker1.doSomething();12 aWorker2.doSomething();13 14 System.out.println("==================================");15 16 //B公司17 Carpenter carpenterB = new Carpenter();18 Plumber plumberB = new Plumber();19 BWorker bWorker1 = new BWorker(carpenterB);20 BWorker bWorker2 = new BWorker(plumberB);21 22 bWorker1.doSomething();23 bWorker2.doSomething();24 }25 }
測試結果:
Java裝飾者模式