Java Language Programming Design （One）

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Chapter One.              Introduction to JAVA 

(1)Preliminary Knowledge

a)Java Language Specification

b)Java API

c)Java Edition: Java SE,Java EE,Java ME

d)Java Environment:  JDK,JRE,JVM

e)Java Development Tools:eclipse,MyEclipse,NetBeans...

Note:You can also run a Java program by  using Java Command.

(2)A Simple Java Program //Welcome.java

1 public class Welcome{2     public static void main(String [] args){3         System.out.println("Welcome to  Java.");4     }5 }

Note:a)Java Source Programs are case sensitive.if the semicolon is missing.a brace is missing.a quotation mark is missing.or String is misspelled.thus the Java Compiler will report syntax error.

b)Procedure：edit(.java)→compile(.class)→execute(?)

(3)A Simple Java GUI Program   //WelcomeInMessageDialogBox.java

1 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;2 public class WelcomeInMessageDialogBox {3     public static void main(String [] args){4         JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Welcome to Java.");5     }6 }

Note:If you want to learn further,please refer to JAVA API.thus you can make more beautiful GUI program.

Chapter Two.      Elementary Programming

(1)Let us strat from two  programs Area.java and AreaConsoleInput.java

 1 public class Area { 2     public static void main(String [] args){ 3         double radius=20; 4         double Area; 5          6         Area=radius*radius*3.141596; 7          8         System.out.println("The area for the Circle is "+Area); 9     }10 }

 1 import java.util.Scanner; 2  3 public class AreaConsoleInput { 4     public static void main(String [] args){ 5         double radius; 6         double Area; 7          8         Scanner Input=new Scanner(System.in); 9         radius=Input.nextDouble();10         Area=radius*radius*3.141596;11         12         System.out.println("The area for the Circle is "+Area);13     }14 }

(2)Identifies

Note:Some rules must be obeyed for Identifies.

a)It consists of letters,digits,underscores and dollar signs.

b)It must start with a letter ,an underscore or a dollar sign.rather than a digit.

c)It can‘t be a reserved word in Java Specification and Java API.

d)It can be of any length or language.Chinese is okay.however it is case sensitive.

(3)Variables

Note:By convention,variable name are in lowercase.If a name consists of several words,concatenate all of them and capitalize the first letter of each word except the first.furthermore,we can declare a variable and initialize it in one step.

(4)Assignment Statements and Assignment Expressions

Note: Firstly,we must distinguish it from equation in mathematics.Then,an assignment statement is essentially an expression that evaluates to the value to be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side of assignment operator.Finally,the data type of the variable on the left must be compatible with the data type of the value on the right.

(5)Constants

Note:a keyword Final is used to declaring a constant in java.and constants often are named uppercase.

(6)Numerical Data Types and Operations

Note:we must keep the memory space for variables of different data types and their range in our mind.

please look the following examples.

1 public class TestIntRange {2     public static void main(String [] args){3         int a=2147483647+1; //The value of a is -21474836484         int b=-2147483648-1; //The value of b is 21474836475         System.out.println("The value of a is "+a);6         System.out.println("The value of b is "+b);7     }8 }

standard arithmetic operators:addition,substraction,multiplication,division,and remainder.

(7)Shorthand Operators

(8)Numeric Type Conversions

(9)String 

(10)Programming Styles and Documentation.

a)Naming Styles:Use lowercase for variables.

                        Concatenate all of them and capitalize the first letter of each word except the first for method

                        Capitalize the first letter of each word in a class name

                        Capitalize every letter in a constant.

b)Statement Styles:approximate Space and Indentation.keep block styles.

c)Comment Styles:add some comment in  your program.

 

Java Language Programming Design （One）