response對象
一、簡介
lWeb伺服器收到用戶端的http請求,會針對每一次請求,分別建立一個用於代表請求的request對象、和代表響應的response對象。
lrequest和response對象即然代表請求和響應,那我們要擷取客戶機提交過來的資料,只需要找request對象就行了。要向客戶機輸出資料,只需要找response對象就行了。
1、 HttpServletResponse物件服務器的響應。這個對象中封裝了向用戶端發送資料、發送回應標頭,發送響應狀態代碼的方法。
void
|
setStatus (int sc) Sets the status code for this response.
|
void
|
addHeader (java.lang.String name, java.lang.String value)
Adds a response header with the given name and value.
|
java.io.PrintWrite
|
getWriter () Returns a PrintWriter object that can send character text to the client.
|
ServletOutputStream
|
getOutputStream () Returns a ServletOutputStream suitable for writing binary data in the response.
|
2、response常見應用
l向用戶端輸出中文資料
•分別以OutputStream和PrintWriter輸出
解決瀏覽器亂碼的方法:
方法一、
private void test2(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=gb2312");
String str="中國人民";
response.getOutputStream().write(str.getBytes());
}
方法二、
private void test1(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException,
UnsupportedEncodingException{
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=utf-8");
String str="中國人民";
response.getOutputStream().write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
}
方法三、•多學一招:使用HTML語言裡面的<meta>標籤來控制瀏覽器行為
private void test3(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException,
UnsupportedEncodingException{
String data = "中國";
response.getOutputStream().write("<meta http-equiv='content-type'content='text/html;charset=UTF-8'>".getBytes());
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
•思考:用OutputStream輸出1,為什麼使用者看到的不是1?
瀏覽器是字元顯示的工具,瀏覽器得到的是數字1,的解碼,但是顯示時會從字元編碼中尋找數字1所代表的字元,這時就不會看到1了,解決辦法如下:
response.getOutputStream().write("89".getBytes("utf-8"));
指定字元編碼或者不指定均可
用字元輸出資料流解決亂碼問題:
private void test4(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");這一句等於上面兩句。
String data = "中國";
PrintWriter writer =response.getWriter();
writer.write(data);
}
l檔案下載和中文檔案的下載
注意 String replaceAll(String regex,String replacement )的第一個參數是Regex
如果是中文檔案名稱的話,檔案名稱要經過url編碼
private void down(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException,
UnsupportedEncodingException,FileNotFoundException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String filepath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/download/7.jpg");
OutputStream out =response.getOutputStream();
File file = new File(filepath);
if(!file.exists()){
out.write("對不起,下載資源已被刪除!!".getBytes("UTF-8"));
return;
}
String filename =filepath.substring(filepath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8");
filename =filename.replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream os =response.getOutputStream();
byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
os.write(buffer, 0,len);
}
in.close();
}
l輸出隨機圖片
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ResponsePic extends HttpServlet {
privatestatic final int WIDTH = 130;
privatestatic final int HEIGHT = 30;
publicvoid doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
BufferedImage image = newBufferedImage(WIDTH,HEIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics graphics = image.getGraphics();
setBackGround(graphics);
setBorder(graphics);
drawRandomLine(graphics);
drawRandomNum((Graphics2D) graphics);
response.setDateHeader("Expires",-1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
privatevoid setBackGround(Graphics graphics) {
graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
graphics.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
}
privatevoid setBorder(Graphics graphics) {
graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
graphics.drawRect(1, 1, WIDTH-2,HEIGHT-2);
}
privatevoid drawRandomLine(Graphics graphics) {
graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);
for(inti=0;i<5;i++){
int x1 = new Random().nextInt(WIDTH);
int y1 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
int x2 = new Random().nextInt(WIDTH);
int y2 = new Random().nextInt(HEIGHT);
graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
//[\u4e00-\u9fa5]
privatevoid drawRandomNum(Graphics2D graphics) {
graphics.setColor(Color.RED);
graphics.setFont(new Font("宋體",Font.BOLD,20));
Stringbase ="\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6";
//30*3.14/180
intx = 10;
for(inti=0;i<4;i++){
String ch = base.charAt(newRandom().nextInt(base.length())) + "";
int degree = new Random().nextInt()%30;
graphics.rotate(degree*Math.PI/180, x,20);
graphics.drawString(ch, x, 20);
graphics.rotate(-degree*Math.PI/180, x,20);
x= x +30;
}
}
publicvoid doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
html調用頁面:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTDHTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>login.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords"content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description"content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type"content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript">
functionchangeImage(img){
img.src=img.src + "?" + new Date().getTime();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="">
使用者名稱:<input type="text"name="username"><br/>
密碼:<input type="password"name="password"><br/>
認證碼:<input type="text"name="checkcode"><img src="/day05/servlet/ResponseDemo4"alt="換一張" style="cursor:hand"onclick="changeImage(this)"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登陸">
</form>
</body>
</html>
l發送http頭,控制瀏覽器定時重新整理網頁(REFRESH)
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
System.out.println("處理登陸!!");
String message = "<meta http-equiv='refresh'content='3;/day05/index.jsp'>恭喜您,登陸成功!!本瀏覽器將在3秒後跳轉,如果沒有跳,就點......";
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("message", message);
this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
l發送http頭,控制瀏覽器禁止緩衝當前文檔內容
response.setDateHeader("expires",System.currentTimeMillis()+3600*1000);
String data = "abcddddd";
response.getWriter().write(data);
l通過response實現請求重新導向。
•請求重新導向指:一個web資源收到用戶端請求後,通知用戶端去訪問另外一個web資源,這稱之為請求重新導向。
l應用情境:使用者登陸。
l實現方式
•response.sendRedirect()
•實現原理:等同於以下代碼
•302狀態代碼和location頭即可實現重新導向
response.setStatus(302);
response.setHeader("location","/day05/login.html");
重新導向特點:
*1.重新導向會導致瀏覽器向伺服器發2次請求,(伺服器會建立2個request和response)
*2.重新導向時,瀏覽器地址欄會發生變化
response細節
lgetOutputStream和getWriter方法分別用於得到輸出位元據、輸出文本資料的ServletOuputStream、Printwriter對象。
lgetOutputStream和getWriter這兩個方法互斥,調用了其中的任何一個方法後,就不能再調用另一方法。
例如、
response.getWriter();
response.getOutputStream();
lServlet程式向ServletOutputStream或PrintWriter對象中寫入的資料將被Servlet引擎從response裡面擷取,Servlet引擎將這些資料當作響應訊息的本文,然後再與響應狀態行和各回應標頭組合後輸出到用戶端。
lSerlvet的service方法結束後,Servlet引擎將檢查getWriter或getOutputStream方法返回的輸出資料流對象是否已經調用過close方法,如果沒有,Servlet引擎將調用close方法關閉該輸出資料流對象