javascript遊戲開發之《三國志曹操傳》零組件開發(四)用地圖塊拼成大地圖

小時候我們玩過拼圖遊戲，是用自己的手去拼的。今天我們來研究研究用javascript來拼圖。同樣是拼圖，但用js拼圖要比用手拼圖麻煩多了，因此以後我要把它最佳化成引擎。

一、前言

以上是一段導語，話不扯遠，對《三國志曹操傳》熟悉的玩家知道，《三國志曹操傳》的地圖是由小地圖塊拼成的，那要實現它就和導語說得一樣：很麻煩。不過即使麻煩也是一門技術，因此在此分享給大家，希望大家喜歡。

二、代碼講解

今天我要換換講解方式，先不給代碼，我們先來想想原理。現在，假如你有一幅圖片，把它裁開成若干份，並打亂。現在如果讓你用js把他們組織起來，如何做呢？先不說圖的順序，首先來看把它們弄在一起就很難了。這時我減少難度，給你幾個選擇：
A.用margin慢慢調 B.用數組把它們排列好 C.放棄

在這道題中，選A是很不明智的，選C就代表你也拿不定主意。看來選B是最好的。既然都告訴大家用數組，那就先上代碼吧。免得消磨大家興緻。
js代碼：

複製代碼 代碼如下:/*
*Prompt:
*If you want to add hurdle, find string: "{{Add hurdle above." and "{{After add hurdle, add the hurdle to the vector above." please.
*If you want to add or change type of grid, find string: "{{Add new grid above.".
*If you want to change position of map, please find string: "{{Change map margin above.".
*If the icon of crid is changed, you have to change the size of icon. Find "{{Change icon size above." to change size.
*/

//Map of hurdle or military or resource.
var vView = [];

/*Remarks:
*L: land *S: sea *R: river *W: swamp *A: lawn *B: bridge *H: house *h: hospital *w: warehouse *b: bourse *M: military academy *m: military factories
*r: research Center *P: port *D: dock *s: Shipyard
*/
var mScene = {
'L': ['./land.png', '陸地']
, 'S': ['./sea.png', '河流']
, 'T': ['./tree.png', '樹木']
, 'B': ['./bridge.png', '橋']
, 'C': ['./beach.png', '沙灘']
};
//{{Add new grid above.

var mCurrent = {
Margin: {
left: -1
, top: -1
, right: -1
, bottom: -1
}
, Position: {
X: -1
, Y: -1
}
, Type: 'NONE'

};
var mTitle = {};

var sHurdleONE =
'S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S'
+ ';T,L,T,T,T,T,S,S,S,S,T'
+ ';T,L,L,T,S,S,S,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,S,S,T,S'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,B,B,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,C,C,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,T,S,S,L,L,T'

//{{Add hurdle above.

var vHurdles = [sHurdleONE];
//{{After add hurdle, add the hurdle to the vector above.

function _createGrid(nWidthBasic, nHeightBasic, nPicWidth, nPicHeight, cType, mMargin)
{
var mCoordMember = {
left: nWidthBasic
, top: nHeightBasic
, right: nWidthBasic + nPicWidth
, bottom: nHeightBasic + nPicHeight
};
var mPositionMember = {
X: (mCoordMember.left - mMargin.x) / nPicWidth
, Y: (mCoordMember.top - mMargin.y) / nPicHeight
};
var mItem = {
Coord: mCoordMember
, Position: mPositionMember
, Type: cType
};

return mItem;
}

function _loadHurdle(sHurdle)
{
var nBasic = 0;
var nWidthBasic = nBasic; //margin-left.
var nHeightBasic = 0; //margin-top.

//{{Change map margin above.

var nPicWidth = 45; //Picture width is nBasic.
var nPicHeight = 45; //Picturn height is nHeightBasic.
//{{Change icon size above.

var nSub;
var nRow;
var nCol;

var v = sHurdle.split(';');
var vRec = [];

for(nSub = 0; nSub < v.length; nSub++){
var vCrid = v[nSub].split(',');
vRec[vRec.length] = vCrid;
}

for(nRow = 0; nRow < vRec.length; nRow++){
var vCol = vRec[nRow];

for(nCol = 0; nCol < vCol.length; nCol++){
var cType = vCol[nCol];
var mMargin = {x: nBasic, y: nBasic};

vView[vView.length] = _createGrid(nWidthBasic, nHeightBasic, nPicWidth, nPicHeight, cType, mMargin);

nWidthBasic += nPicWidth;
}

nHeightBasic += nPicHeight;
nWidthBasic = nBasic;
}
}

//Show map with vector 'vView'.
function _showMap(sID)
{
var xDiv=document.getElementById(sID);

var xGrid;
var xImg;

var nTop = 0;

var nSub;
var sIdPrefix = 'ID_IMG_NUM_';
var sIdGrid = 'ID_A_NUM_';
for(nSub = 0; nSub < vView.length; nSub++){
var mGrid = vView[nSub];

if(mGrid){
var xMargin = mGrid.Coord;
var cType = mGrid.Type;
var xProper = mScene[cType];

if(xProper){
xGrid = document.createElement('a');
xImg = document.createElement('img');

xImg.style.position = 'absolute';
xImg.style.marginLeft = xMargin.left;
xImg.style.marginTop = xMargin.top;

xImg.src = xProper[0];

xImg.style.border = '0px solid #000000';
xImg.id = sIdPrefix + nSub;

xImg.style.width = 45;
xImg.style.height = 45;

xImg.style.display = 'block';

xGrid.onclick = function(e){
var xCurrentGrid = e.target;
var sId = xCurrentGrid.id;
var nIdAsSub = parseInt(sId.substring(sIdPrefix.length, sId.length));

mCurrent = vView[nIdAsSub];
if(!mCurrent){
alert("Error 0004.");
}
};
xGrid.title = xProper[1] + '(' + parseInt(mGrid.Position.X) + ', ' + parseInt(mGrid.Position.Y+2) + ')';
xGrid.id = sIdGrid + nSub;

xGrid.appendChild(xImg);

xDiv.appendChild(xGrid);
}else{
alert("Error: 0003.");
}
}else{
alert("Error: 0002.");
}
}
}

//Show map of hurdle.
function _showHurdle(nHurdle)
{
if(vHurdles[nHurdle - 1]){
_loadHurdle(vHurdles[nHurdle - 1]);
_showMap('ID_DIV_BATTLEFIELD');
}else{
alert("Error: 0001.");
}
}

看看，這點程式就用了195行，而且這還是一張地圖，看來還很有點麻煩哦。沒關係，慢慢解釋。
首先還是把素材放在這裡：

素材不是來自《三國志曹操傳》，因為沒整理好《三國志曹操傳》的地圖素材，所以就隨便找了些。不過也照樣可以用。希望大家不要介意。

麻煩的代碼最容易弄得亂七八糟，因此在此時要良好的區分開樣式設定和拼圖核心。
拼圖核心在哪裡呢？在這裡：

複製代碼 代碼如下:var mScene = {
'L': ['./land.png', '陸地']
, 'S': ['./sea.png', '河流']
, 'T': ['./tree.png', '樹木']
, 'B': ['./bridge.png', '橋']
, 'C': ['./beach.png', '沙灘']
};
//{{Add new grid above.

var mCurrent = {
Margin: {
left: -1
, top: -1
, right: -1
, bottom: -1
}
, Position: {
X: -1
, Y: -1
}
, Type: 'NONE'

};
var mTitle = {};

var sHurdleONE =
'S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S'
+ ';T,L,T,T,T,T,S,S,S,S,T'
+ ';T,L,L,T,S,S,S,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,S,S,T,S'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,B,B,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,C,C,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,T,S,S,L,L,T'

//{{Add hurdle above.

var vHurdles = [sHurdleONE];
//{{After add hurdle, add the hurdle to the vector above.

首先我把S,T,B,C,L定義好，使S代表河流，T代表樹木，B代表橋，C代表沙灘，L代表陸地。var mCurrent後面有用，暫不解釋。然後是var mTitle，這個專門是用來顯示title的，所以也不解釋了。關鍵是在下： 複製代碼 代碼如下:var sHurdleONE =
'S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S'
+ ';T,L,T,T,T,T,S,S,S,S,T'
+ ';T,L,L,T,S,S,S,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,S,S,T,S'
+ ';T,L,L,L,C,C,C,B,B,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,C,C,S,S,L,T'
+ ';T,L,L,C,C,T,S,S,L,L,T'

這段代碼就是把定義好的S,T,B,C,L連在一起的核心。後面只用定義S,T,B,C,L的寬度高度定義就能把它們連成一塊。並且只要把它們在數組裡的位置調一調就能改變樣式。
接下來為了能切換地圖，我們把第一張地圖放進了數組： 複製代碼 代碼如下:var vHurdles = [sHurdleONE];
//{{After add hurdle, add the hurdle to the vector above.

如果以後加了地圖，只用把地圖所屬的數組名加到vHurdles數組就可以了，調用是就可以直接寫對應下標。
樣式設定在下： 複製代碼 代碼如下:function _createGrid(nWidthBasic, nHeightBasic, nPicWidth, nPicHeight, cType, mMargin)
{
var mCoordMember = {
left: nWidthBasic
, top: nHeightBasic
, right: nWidthBasic + nPicWidth
, bottom: nHeightBasic + nPicHeight
};
var mPositionMember = {
X: (mCoordMember.left - mMargin.x) / nPicWidth
, Y: (mCoordMember.top - mMargin.y) / nPicHeight
};
var mItem = {
Coord: mCoordMember
, Position: mPositionMember
, Type: cType
};

return mItem;
}

function _loadHurdle(sHurdle)
{
var nBasic = 0;
var nWidthBasic = nBasic; //margin-left.
var nHeightBasic = 0; //margin-top.

//{{Change map margin above.

var nPicWidth = 45; //Picture width is nBasic.
var nPicHeight = 45; //Picturn height is nHeightBasic.
//{{Change icon size above.

var nSub;
var nRow;
var nCol;

var v = sHurdle.split(';');
var vRec = [];

for(nSub = 0; nSub < v.length; nSub++){
var vCrid = v[nSub].split(',');
vRec[vRec.length] = vCrid;
}

for(nRow = 0; nRow < vRec.length; nRow++){
var vCol = vRec[nRow];

for(nCol = 0; nCol < vCol.length; nCol++){
var cType = vCol[nCol];
var mMargin = {x: nBasic, y: nBasic};

vView[vView.length] = _createGrid(nWidthBasic, nHeightBasic, nPicWidth, nPicHeight, cType, mMargin);

nWidthBasic += nPicWidth;
}

nHeightBasic += nPicHeight;
nWidthBasic = nBasic;
}
}

//Show map with vector 'vView'.
function _showMap(sID)
{
var xDiv=document.getElementById(sID);

var xGrid;
var xImg;

var nTop = 0;

var nSub;
var sIdPrefix = 'ID_IMG_NUM_';
var sIdGrid = 'ID_A_NUM_';
for(nSub = 0; nSub < vView.length; nSub++){
var mGrid = vView[nSub];

if(mGrid){
var xMargin = mGrid.Coord;
var cType = mGrid.Type;
var xProper = mScene[cType];

if(xProper){
xGrid = document.createElement('a');
xImg = document.createElement('img');

xImg.style.position = 'absolute';
xImg.style.marginLeft = xMargin.left;
xImg.style.marginTop = xMargin.top;

xImg.src = xProper[0];

xImg.style.border = '0px solid #000000';
xImg.id = sIdPrefix + nSub;

xImg.style.width = 45;
xImg.style.height = 45;

xImg.style.display = 'block';

xGrid.onclick = function(e){
var xCurrentGrid = e.target;
var sId = xCurrentGrid.id;
var nIdAsSub = parseInt(sId.substring(sIdPrefix.length, sId.length));

mCurrent = vView[nIdAsSub];
if(!mCurrent){
alert("Error 0004.");
}
};
xGrid.title = xProper[1] + '(' + parseInt(mGrid.Position.X) + ', ' + parseInt(mGrid.Position.Y+2) + ')';
xGrid.id = sIdGrid + nSub;

xGrid.appendChild(xImg);

xDiv.appendChild(xGrid);
}else{
alert("Error: 0003.");
}
}else{
alert("Error: 0002.");
}
}
}

以上的代碼很簡單，自己可以看看，提示一下：當你在自己開發的過程中如果彈出一個Error: 0002, Error: 0003, Error: 0001什麼之類的，就代表出了錯，需要馬上去檢查。這是為了在麻煩的程式開發中有一點提醒而設計的。值得注意的是：這裡的圖片全是createElement弄出來的，所以請不要猜疑html代碼裡有什麼蹊蹺。
接著看： 複製代碼 代碼如下:function _showHurdle(nHurdle)
{
if(vHurdles[nHurdle - 1]){
_loadHurdle(vHurdles[nHurdle - 1]);
_showMap('ID_DIV_BATTLEFIELD');
}else{
alert("Error: 0001.");
}
}

這是在你要弄出地圖的調用函數，當你在html代碼裡寫上：<body onload="_showHurdle(nHurdle)">幾可以把拼的圖一下子畫出來。nHurdle就是地圖在數組vHurdles裡的對應下標，最低是1，而不是0，也就是說要用第一張地圖,那nHurdle就該賦值為1，調用是寫為：<body onload="_showHurdle(1)">。

原始碼下載
三、示範效果

示範圖在下：

由於是靜態，所以就不給demo了。這種方法雖然很麻煩，而且地圖塊多了就很慢，但是畢竟是種技術，如果大家有什麼好的方法也可以來告訴我。

希望大家多支援。謝謝。