JavaScript方法和技巧大全

最後更新：2017-02-28 來源：互聯網

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javascript|技巧

這篇介紹JavaScript方面的日誌，我在是Clang上看到的。作者介紹挺全面的，所以轉載過來讓感興趣的朋友看一下。呵呵～～～

有些時候你精通一門語言，但是會發現你其實整天在和其它語言打交道，也許你以為這些微不足道，不至於影響你的開發進度，但恰恰是這些你不重視的東西會浪費你很多時間，我一直以為我早在幾年前就已經精通JavaScript了，直到目前，我才越來越覺得JavaScript遠比我想象的複雜和強大，我開始崇拜它，就像崇拜所有OOP語言一樣～
趁著節日的空隙，把有關JavaScript的方法和技巧整理下，讓每個在為JavaScript而煩惱的人明白，JavaScript就這麼回事！並希望JavaScript還可以成為你的朋友，讓你豁然開朗，在項目中更好的應用～

適合閱讀範圍：對JavaScript一無所知～離精通只差一步之遙的人
基礎知識：HTML

JavaScript就這麼回事1：基礎知識

1 建立指令碼塊

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: JavaScript code goes here
3: </script>

2 隱藏指令碼代碼

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

在不支援JavaScript的瀏覽器中將不執行相關代碼

3 瀏覽器不支援的時候顯示

1: <noscript>
2: Hello to the non-JavaScript browser.
3: </noscript>

4 連結外部指令檔

1: <script language=”JavaScript” src="/”filename.js"”></script>

5 注釋指令碼

1: // This is a comment
2: document.write(“Hello”); // This is a comment
3: /*
4: All of this
5: is a comment
6: */

6 輸出到瀏覽器

1: document.write(“<strong>Hello</strong>”);

7 定義變數

1: var myVariable = “some value”;

8 字串相加

1: var myString = “String1” + “String2”;

9 字串搜尋

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
7: </script>

10 字串替換

1: thisVar.replace(“Monday”,”Friday”);

11 格式化字串

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
21: </script>

12 建立數組

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
11: </script>

13 數組排序

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
11: </script>

14 分割字串

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
10: </script>

15 彈出警告資訊

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

16 彈出確認框

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
5: </script>

17 定義函數

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: 
8: </script>

18 調用JS函數

1: <a href=”#” onClick=”functionName()”>Link text</a>
2: <a href="/”javascript:functionName"()”>Link text</a>

19 在頁面載入完成後執行函數

1: <body onLoad=”functionName();”>
2: Body of the page
3: </body>

20 條件判斷

1: <script>
2: 
7: </script>

21 指定次數迴圈

1: <script>
2: 
11: </script>

22 設定將來執行

1: <script>
2: 
8: </script>

23 定時執行函數

1: <script>
2: 
9: </script>

24 取消定時執行

1: <script>
2: 
9: </script>

25 在頁面卸載時候執行函數

1: <body onUnload=”functionName();”>
2: Body of the page
3: </body>

JavaScript就這麼回事2：瀏覽器輸出

26 訪問document對象

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var myURL = document.URL;
3: window.alert(myURL);
4: </script>

27 動態輸出HTML

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: document.write(“<p>Here’s some information about this document:</p>”);
3: document.write(“<ul>”);
4: document.write(“<li>Referring Document: “ + document.referrer + “</li>”);
5: document.write(“<li>Domain: “ + document.domain + “</li>”);
6: document.write(“<li>URL: “ + document.URL + “</li>”);
7: document.write(“</ul>”);
8: </script>

28 輸出換行

1: document.writeln(“<strong>a</strong>”);
2: document.writeln(“b”);

29 輸出日期

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var thisDate = new Date();
3: document.write(thisDate.toString());
4: </script>

30 指定日期的時區

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var myOffset = -2;
3: var currentDate = new Date();
4: var userOffset = currentDate.getTimezoneOffset()/60;
5: var timeZoneDifference = userOffset - myOffset;
6: currentDate.setHours(currentDate.getHours() + timeZoneDifference);
7: document.write(“The time and date in Central Europe is: “ + currentDate.toLocaleString());
8: </script>

31 設定日期輸出格式

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var thisDate = new Date();
3: var thisTimeString = thisDate.getHours() + “:” + thisDate.getMinutes();
4: var thisDateString = thisDate.getFullYear() + “/” + thisDate.getMonth() + “/” + thisDate.getDate();
5: document.write(thisTimeString + “ on “ + thisDateString);
6: </script>

32 讀取URL參數

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var urlParts = document.URL.split(“?”);
3: var parameterParts = urlParts[1].split(“&”);
4: for (i = 0; i < parameterParts.length; i++) {
5: var pairParts = parameterParts[i].split(“=”);
6: var pairName = pairParts[0];
7: var pairValue = pairParts[1];
8: document.write(pairName + “ ：“ +pairValue );
9: }
10: </script>

你還以為HTML是無狀態的嗎？

33 開啟一個新的document對象

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: function newDocument() {
3: document.open();
4: document.write(“<p>This is a New Document.</p>”);
5: document.close();
6: }
7: </script>

34 頁面跳轉

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: window.location = “http://www.liu21st.com/”;
3: </script>

35 添加網頁載入進度視窗

1: <html>
2: <head>
3: <script language='javaScript'>
4: var placeHolder = window.open('holder.html','placeholder','width=200,height=200');
5: </script>
6: <title>The Main Page</title>
7: </head>
8: <body >
9: <p>This is the main page</p>
10: </body>
11: </html>

JavaScript就這麼回事3：映像

36 讀取映像屬性

1: <img src="http://www.webjx.com/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage”>
2: <a href=”# ” onClick=”window.alert(document.myImage.width)”>Width</a>
3:

37 動態載入映像

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: myImage = new Image;
3: myImage.src = “Tellers1.jpg”;
4: </script>

38 簡單的映像替換

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: rollImage = new Image;
3: rollImage.src = “rollImage1.jpg”;
4: defaultImage = new Image;
5: defaultImage.src = “image1.jpg”;
6: </script>
7: <a href="/”myUrl"” onMouseOver=”document.myImage.src = rollImage.src;”
8: onMouseOut=”document.myImage.src = defaultImage.src;”>
9: <img src="http://www.webjx.com/”image1.jpg"” name=”myImage” width=100 height=100 border=0>

39 隨機顯示映像

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
4: imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
5: imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
6: imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
7: var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
8: document.write(‘<img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“>’);
9: </script>

40 函數實現的映像替換

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var source = 0;
3: var replacement = 1;
4: function createRollOver(originalImage,replacementImage) {
5: var imageArray = new Array;
6: imageArray[source] = new Image;
7: imageArray[source].src = originalImage;
8: imageArray[replacement] = new Image;
9: imageArray[replacement].src = replacementImage;
10: return imageArray;
11: }
12: var rollImage1 = createRollOver(“image1.jpg”,”rollImage1.jpg”);
13: </script>
14: <a href=”#” onMouseOver=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[replacement].src;”
15: onMouseOut=”document.myImage1.src = rollImage1[source].src;”>
16: <img src="http://www.webjx.com/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”myImage1” border=0>
17: </a>

41 建立投影片

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = new Image;
4: imageList[0].src = “image1.jpg”;
5: imageList[1] = new Image;
6: imageList[1].src = “image2.jpg”;
7: imageList[2] = new Image;
8: imageList[2].src = “image3.jpg”;
9: imageList[3] = new Image;
10: imageList[3].src = “image4.jpg”;
11: function slideShow(imageNumber) {
12: document.slideShow.src = imageList[imageNumber].src;
13: imageNumber += 1;
14: if (imageNumber < imageList.length) {
15: window.setTimeout(“slideShow(“ + imageNumber + “)”,3000);
16: }
17: }
18: </script>
19: </head>
20: <body onLoad=”slideShow(0)”>
21: <img src="http://www.webjx.com/”image1.jpg"” width=100 name=”slideShow”>

42 隨機廣告圖片

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var imageList = new Array;
3: imageList[0] = “image1.jpg”;
4: imageList[1] = “image2.jpg”;
5: imageList[2] = “image3.jpg”;
6: imageList[3] = “image4.jpg”;
7: var urlList = new Array;
8: urlList[0] = “http://some.host/”;
9: urlList[1] = “http://another.host/”;
10: urlList[2] = “http://somewhere.else/”;
11: urlList[3] = “http://right.here/”;
12: var imageChoice = Math.floor(Math.random() * imageList.length);
13: document.write(‘<a href=”’ + urlList[imageChoice] + ‘“><img src=”’ + imageList[imageChoice] + ‘“></a>’);
14: </script>

JavaScript就這麼回事4：表單

還是先繼續寫完JS就這麼回事系列吧～
43 表單構成

1: <form method=”post” action=”target.html” name=”thisForm”>
2: <input type=”text” name=”myText”>
3: <select name=”mySelect”>
4: <option value=”1”>First Choice</option>
5: <option value=”2”>Second Choice</option>
6: </select>
7: <br>
8: <input type=”submit” value=”Submit Me”>
9: </form>

44 訪問表單中的文字框內容

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: <input type=”text” name=”myText”>
3: </form>
4: <a href='#' >Check Selection List</a>

48 動態增加Select項

1: <form name=”myForm”>
2: <select name=”mySelect”>
3: <option value=”First Choice”>1</option>
4: <option value=”Second Choice”>2</option>
5: </select>
6: </form>
7: <script language=”JavaScript”>
8: document.myForm.mySelect.length++;
9: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].text = “3”;
10: document.myForm.mySelect.options[document.myForm.mySelect.length - 1].value = “Third Choice”;
11: </script>

49 驗證表單欄位

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: function checkField(field) {
3: if (field.value == “”) {
4: window.alert(“You must enter a value in the field”);
5: field.focus();
6: }
7: }
8: </script>
9: <form name=”myForm” action=”target.html”>
10: Text Field: <input type=”text” name=”myField”onBlur=”checkField(this)”>
11: <br><input type=”submit”>
12: </form>

50 驗證Select項

1: function checkList(selection) {
2: if (selection.length == 0) {
3: window.alert(“You must make a selection from the list.”);
4: return false;
5: }
6: return true;
7: }

51 動態改變表單的action

1: <form name=”myForm” action=”login.html”>
2: Username: <input type=”text” name=”username”><br>
3: Password: <input type=”password” name=”password”><br>
4: <input type=”button” value=”Login” onClick=”this.form.submit();”>
5: <input type=”button” value=”Register” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘register.html’; this.form.submit();”>
6: <input type=”button” value=”Retrieve Password” onClick=”this.form.action = ‘password.html’; this.form.submit();”>
7: </form>

52 使用映像按鈕

53 表單資料的加密

1: <SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
2: 
17: </SCRIPT>
18: <form name='myForm' );”>Open a full-screen window</a>

65 新視窗和父視窗的操作

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: //定義新視窗
3: var newWindow = window.open(“128a.html”,”newWindow”);
4: newWindow.close(); //在父視窗中關閉開啟的新視窗
5: </script>
6: 在新視窗中關閉父視窗
7: window.opener.close()

66 往新視窗中寫內容

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var newWindow = window.open(“”,”newWindow”);
3: newWindow.document.open();
4: newWindow.document.write(“This is a new window”);
5: newWIndow.document.close();
6: </script>

67 載入頁面到架構頁面

1: <frameset cols=”50%,*”>
2: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”135a.html"”>
3: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”about:blank"”>
4: </frameset>
5: 在frame1中載入frame2中的頁面
6: parent.frame2.document.location = “135b.html”;

68 在架構頁面之間共用指令碼
如果在frame1中html檔案中有個指令碼

1: function doAlert() {
2: window.alert(“Frame 1 is loaded”);
3: }

那麼在frame2中可以如此調用該方法

1: <body onLoad=”parent.frame1.doAlert();”>
2: This is frame 2.
3: </body>

69 資料公用
可以在架構頁面定義資料項目，使得該資料可以被多個架構中的頁面公用

1: <script language=”JavaScript”>
2: var persistentVariable = “This is a persistent value”;
3: </script>
4: <frameset cols=”50%,*”>
5: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”138a.html"”>
6: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”138b.html"”>
7: </frameset>

這樣在frame1和frame2中都可以使用變數persistentVariable
70 架構程式碼程式庫
根據以上的一些思路，我們可以使用一個隱藏的架構頁面來作為整個框架組的程式碼程式庫

1: <frameset cols=”0,50%,*”>
2: <frame name=”codeFrame” src="/”140code.html"”>
3: <frame name=”frame1” src="/”140a.html"”>
4: <frame name=”frame2” src="/”140b.html"”>
5: </frameset>

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