javascript版本的ajax發送請求
（1）、建立XMLHttpRequest對象，這個對象就是ajax請求的核心，是ajax請求和響應的資訊載體，單是不同瀏覽器建立方式不同
（2）、請求路徑
（3）、使用open方法綁定發送請求
（4）、使用send() 方法發送請求
（5）、擷取伺服器返回的字串 xmlhttpRequest.responseText;
（6）、擷取服務端返回的值，以xml對象的形式儲存 xmlhttpRequest.responseXML;
（7）、使用W3C DOM節點樹方法和屬性對該XML文檔對象進行檢查和解析。
序言：
近來隨著項目的上線實施，稍微有點空閑，閑暇之時偶然發現之前寫的關於javascript原生xmlHttp ajax方法以及後來jquery外掛程式ajax方法，於是就行了一些總結，因時間原因，並未在所有瀏覽器上進行測試，目前測試的IE8,9,10，Google Chrome，Mozilla Firefox，Opera常用幾款，如大家在進行驗證測試發現有問題，請及時反饋與我，謝謝大家。
言歸正傳，直接上代碼：
前端代碼
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head> <title>Ajax練習</title> <script src="/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <style type="text/css"> label{width:50px;display:inline-block;} </style></head><body><div id="contentDiv"> <h2>html5表單元素</h2> <label>E-mail</label><input type="email" name="UserEmail" id="UserEmail" value="251608027@qq.com" /><br /> <label>URL:</label><input type="url" name="UserURL" id="UserURL" value="http://www.baidu.com" /><br /> <label>Number:</label><input type="number" name="UserNumber" id="UserNumber" min="1" max="100" value="87" /><br /> <label>Range:</label><input type="range" name="UserRange" min="1" max="100" value="78" /><br /> <label>Date:</label><input type="date" name="UserDate" id="UserDate" value="2015-12-01" /><br /> <label>Search:</label><input type="search" name="UserSearch" id="UserSearch" value="search" /><br /> <label id="lblMsg" style="color:Red; width:100%;"></label><br /> <input type="button" id="btnXmlHttp" value="提 交" onclick="return xmlPost();" /> <input type="button" id="btnAjax" value="Ajax提 交" onclick="return Ajax();" /> <input type="button" id="btnPost" value="Post提 交" onclick="return Post();" /> <input type="button" id="btnGet" value="Get提 交" onclick="return Get();" /> <input type="button" id="btnGetJSON" value="GetJSON提 交" onclick="return GetJSON();" /> <input type="button" id="btnCustom" value="Custom提 交" onclick="return Custom();" /> <br /><label id="lblAD" style="color:Red; width:100%;">.NET技術交流群：70895254，歡迎大家</label> <script type="text/javascript"> //基礎資料 var jsonData = { UserEmail: $("#UserEmail").val(), UserURL: $("#UserURL").val(), UserNumber: $("#UserNumber").val(), UserRange: $("#UserRange").val(), UserDate: $("#UserDate").val(), UserSearch: $("#UserSearch").val() }; //統一返回結果處理 function Data(data, type) { if (data && data.length > 0) { var lblMsg = ""; for (i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { for (var j in data[i]) { lblMsg += j + "：" + data[i][j]; if (j != "Name" && j != "UserSearch") { lblMsg += "，" } } if (i != data.length) { lblMsg += "；"; } } $("#lblMsg").html(type + "請求成功，返回結果：" + lblMsg); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //javascript 原生ajax方法 function createXMLHttp() { var XmlHttp; if (window.ActiveXObject) { var arr = ["MSXML2.XMLHttp.6.0", "MSXML2.XMLHttp.5.0", "MSXML2.XMLHttp.4.0", "MSXML2.XMLHttp.3.0", "MSXML2.XMLHttp", "Microsoft.XMLHttp"]; for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { try { XmlHttp = new ActiveXObject(arr[i]); return XmlHttp; } catch (error) { } } } else { try { XmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); return XmlHttp; } catch (otherError) { } } } function xmlPost() { var xmlHttp = createXMLHttp(); var queryStr = "Ajax_Type=Email&jsonData=" + JSON.stringify(jsonData); var url = "/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(); xmlHttp.open('Post', url, true); xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); xmlHttp.send(queryStr); xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function () { if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 && xmlHttp.status == 200) { var data = eval(xmlHttp.responseText); Data(data, "javascript原生xmlHttp"); } } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //jquery $.ajax方法 function Ajax() { $.ajax({ url: "/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(), type: "Post", async: false, data: { Ajax_Type: "Email", jsonData: JSON.stringify(jsonData) }, dataType: "json", beforeSend: function () { //發送請求前 $("#btnPost").attr('disabled', "true"); }, complete: function () { //發送請求完成後 $("#btnPost").removeAttr("disabled"); }, error: function (XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) { alert("error!" + errorThrown); //alert("請求錯誤，請重試！"); }, success: function (data) { Data(data, "Jquery $.ajax"); } }); } //jquery $.post方法 function Post() { $.post("/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(), { Ajax_Type: "Email", jsonData: JSON.stringify(jsonData) }, function (data) { Data(data, "Jquery $.post"); } ); } //jquery $.getJSON方法 function GetJSON() { $.getJSON("/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(), { Ajax_Type: "Email", jsonData: JSON.stringify(jsonData) }, function (data) { Data(data, "Jquery $.getJSON"); } ); } //jquery $.get方法 function Get() { $.get("/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(), { Ajax_Type: "Email", jsonData: JSON.stringify(jsonData) }, function (data) { Data(data, "Jquery $.get"); } ); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //javascript原生指令碼自訂jquery $.ajax方法 var CustomAjax = function (custom) { // 初始化 var type = custom.type; //type參數,可選 var url = custom.url; //url參數，必填 var data = custom.data; //data參數可選，只有在post請求時需要 var dataType = custom.dataType; //datatype參數可選 var success = custom.success; //回呼函數可選 var beforeSend = custom.beforeSend; //回呼函數可選 var complete = custom.complete; //回呼函數可選 var error = custom.error; //回呼函數可選 if (type == null) {//type參數可選，預設為get type = "get"; } if (dataType == null) {//dataType參數可選，預設為text dataType = "text"; } var xmlHttp = createXMLHttp(); // 建立ajax引擎對象 xmlHttp.open(type, url, true); // 開啟 // 發送 if (type == "GET" || type == "get" || type == "Get") {//大小寫 xmlHttp.send(null); } else if (type == "POST" || type == "post" || type == "Post") { xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); xmlHttp.send(data); } xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function () { if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4 && xmlHttp.status == 200) { if (dataType == "text" || dataType == "TEXT") { if (success != null) { //普通文本 success(xmlHttp.responseText); } } else if (dataType == "xml" || dataType == "XML") { if (success != null) { //接收xml文檔 success(xmlHttp.responseXML); } } else if (dataType == "json" || dataType == "JSON") { if (success != null) { //將json字串轉換為js對象 success(eval("(" + xmlHttp.responseText + ")")); } } } }; }; //自訂方法 function Custom() { CustomAjax({ type: "Post", url: "/Handler/AjaxHandlerHelper.ashx?no.=" + Math.random(), data: "Ajax_Type=Email&jsonData=" + JSON.stringify(jsonData), dataType: "json", success: function (data) { Data(data, "Custom自訂"); } }); } </script></div></body></html>
.ashx後端代碼
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Script.Serialization;using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;using System.IO;using System.Text;namespace WebHTML5.Handler{ /// <summary> /// AjaxHandlerHelper 的摘要說明 /// </summary> public class AjaxHandlerHelper : IHttpHandler { public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; //context.Response.Charset = "utf-8"; var Ajax_Type = context.Request.QueryString["Ajax_Type"] == null ? context.Request.Form["Ajax_Type"] : context.Request.QueryString["Ajax_Type"]; switch (Ajax_Type) { case "Email": context.Response.Write(PostEmail(context)); break; default: context.Response.Write("[{\"Age\":28,\"Name\":\"張鵬飛\"}]"); break; } } public static string PostEmail(HttpContext context) { string semail = string.Empty; if (context.Request.HttpMethod == "GET") { semail = "[" + context.Request.QueryString["jsonData"] + "]"; } else { semail = "[" + context.Request.Form["jsonData"] + "]"; } return semail; } /// <summary> /// JSON序列化 /// </summary> public static string JsonSerializer<T>(T t) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); ser.WriteObject(ms, t); string jsonString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray()); ms.Close(); return jsonString; } /// <summary> /// JSON還原序列化 /// </summary> public static T JsonDeserialize<T>(string jsonString) { DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T)); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonString)); T obj = (T)ser.ReadObject(ms); return obj; } public bool IsReusable { get { return false; } } }}
Jquery 方法擴充
關於Jquery的方法擴充大家自行google或百度；
結束語
說明一下情況：案例中出現的html5 range標籤的取值問題，寫的不對，大家不要在意這些，關於range標籤如何取值大家自行google或百度；
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