KVM虛擬化+PKE無人值守安裝

標籤：kvm虛擬化

安裝KVM虛擬化條件：

首先CPU要支援虛擬化（Intel是vmx，AMD是svm）

[[email protected] ~]# egrep ‘(vmx|svm)‘ --color /proc/cpuinfo

確保BIOS裡開啟VT

Intel(R) Virtualization Tech [Enabled]

安裝虛擬化套件

[[email protected] ~]# LANG=en_US-utf8

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Virtualization" "Virtualization Client" "Virtualization Platform" "Virtualization Tools"

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/libvirtd start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig libvirtd on

[[email protected] ~]# virt-manager

手動安裝系統...

設定HOST主機網路

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br0

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 

DEVICE=br0

TYPE=Bridge

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=172.30.6.149

PREFIX=24

ARPCHECK=no

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:7E:DF:4F

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=743094da-ab6c-406d-8238-a8e51be4a515

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0                   //將eth0橋接到br0

[[email protected] network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop    //關閉此服務

[[email protected] network-scripts]# chkconfig NetworkManager off

[[email protected] network-scripts]# service network restart

[[email protected] network-scripts]# chkconfig network on

[[email protected] network-scripts]# reboot

配置DHCP

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 

ddns-update-style interim;

filename "pxelinux.0";

next-server 172.30.6.149;

subnet 172.30.6.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers172.30.6.149;

option domain-name"tarena.com";

option domain-name-servers172.30.1.16,172.30.6.149;

range dynamic-bootp 172.30.6.10 172.30.6.20;

}

[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd start

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig dhcpd on

配置TFTP

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install tftp-server

[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "args|disable" /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 

        server_args= -s /tftpboot

disable= no

[[email protected] ~]# service xinetd restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig xinetd on

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -ln | grep :69                   

udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:69                  0.0.0.0:*     

配置NFS

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/exports 

/data/iso*(ro)

/var/ftp/pub/iso/CentOS/6.5*(ro)

/var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.10*(ro)

[[email protected] ~]# service rpcbind restart

[[email protected] ~]# service nfs restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig nfs on

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install syslinux

[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.10/isolinux/

[[email protected] isolinux]# mkdir -p /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

[[email protected] isolinux]# cp initrd.img vmlinuz /tftpboot/

[[email protected] isolinux]# cp isolinux.cfg /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[[email protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/

無人值守安裝RHEL5.10

/var/lib/libvirt/images                                        //安裝kvm虛擬機器預設存放位置

/etc/libvirt/qemu/                                //kvm虛擬機器組態檔存放位置

管理命令

[[email protected] ~]# virsh list                //查看已開啟虛擬機器列表

[[email protected] ~]# virsh list --all                //查看所有虛擬機器列表

[[email protected] ~]# virsh version                //查看版本號碼

[[email protected] ~]# virsh start kvm_snap1                //啟動kvm_snap1虛擬機器

[[email protected] ~]# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm_snap1.xml 

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/acpid restart

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig acpid on

[[email protected] ~]# virsh shutdown kvm_snap1                //關閉kvm_snap1虛擬機器

[[email protected] ~]# virsh destroy kvm_snap1                //強制關閉kvm_snap1虛擬機器

[[email protected] ~]# virsh autostart kvm_snap1                //設定kvm_snap1自啟動

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dumpxml kvm_snap1 > kvm_snap1.xml//匯出kvm_snap1虛擬機器組態檔

[[email protected] ~]# virsh undefine kvm_snap1//取消kvm_snap1定義

[[email protected] ~]# virsh define kvm_snap1.xml //定義kvm_snap1

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dominfo kvm_snap1//列舉kvm_snap1資訊

[[email protected] ~]# virsh edit kvm_snap1//編輯kvm_snap1設定檔

[[email protected] ~]# virt-clone -o rhel5.10 -n rhel5.10-clone -f /data/images/rhel5.10-clone.img  //複製虛擬機器

-o 指定模板主機

-n 指定複製出來虛擬機器名字

-f  指定複製出來虛擬機器存放位置

使用LVM方式管理虛擬機器主機磁碟

1，建立LV

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l | grep /dev/sda6

/dev/sda6            6170       39163   265015296   8e  Linux LVM

[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda6

[[email protected] ~]# vgextend vg_data /dev/sda6

[[email protected] ~]# vgdisplay | grep "Free  PE"

  Free  PE / Size       12799 / 50.00 GiB

[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -L 10G -n lv_kvm_node1 vg_data

2，使用建立的LV安裝Guest

[[email protected] ~]# virt-install \

--name kvm_node1 \//定義虛擬機器名字

--noautoconsole \//使用本選項指定不自動試圖串連到客戶機控制台

--ram 1024 \//指定虛擬機器記憶體大小，單位M

--arch=x86_64 \//指定CPU架構

--vcpus=1 \//指定虛擬cpu個數

--os-type=linux \//指定安裝系統類別型

--os-variant=rhel5 \//指定特定版本

--hvm \//使用全虛擬化

--accelerate \//使用核心加速功能

--disk path=/dev/vg_data/lv_kvm_node1 \

--network bridge=br0 \

--location nfs:192.168.194.253:/var/ftp/pub/iso/RedHat/5.9 \

--extra-args="ks=http://192.168.194.253/rhel-ks.cfg ip=192.168.194.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.194.253 dns=192.168.194.253 noipv6"    //可以寫成指令碼

3，設定模板虛擬機器，去掉一些個性資訊（在kvm_node1操作）

[[email protected] ~]# touch   /.unconfigured

4，產生快照

LVM快照

快照就是將當時的系統資訊記錄下來，就好像照相記錄一樣。未來若有任何資料更改，則未經處理資料會被放入到快照區，沒有被更改的地區則由快照區與檔案系統共用。

[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -s -L 20G -n lv_node1  /dev/vg_data/lv_data

//指定快照大小名字

5，定義到virt-manager

[[email protected] ~]# virsh dumpxml kvm_node1 > /root/kvm_snap1.xml  //虛擬機器系統的名字

[[email protected] ~]# uuidgen 

d2d8fe52-d244-46e5-97fb-7da9440d785b

修改 /root/kvm_snap1.xml檔案（名字,UUID,磁碟位置，mac地址）

[[email protected] ~]# virsh define /root/kvm_snap1.xml   

6，刪除虛擬機器

[[email protected] ~]# virsh undefine kvm_snap1

使用qcow2管理KVM虛擬機器磁碟

目前主要有那些格式來作為虛擬機器的鏡像：

raw預設，不支援快照

cow

qcow

qcow2qcow2的效能上接近raw裸格式的效能

vmdk VMware格式

vdi

本文出自 “周民” 部落格，請務必保留此出處http://zhmin.blog.51cto.com/5402080/1431362