[leetcode] Combination Sum and Combination SumII

Given a set of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.

The same repeated number may be chosen from C unlimited number of times.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• Elements in a combination (a1, a2, … , ak) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a1 ≤ a2 ≤ … ≤ ak).
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

For example, given candidate set 2,3,6,7 and target 7, 
A solution set is: 
[7] 
[2, 2, 3] 

class Solution {private:    vector<vector<int> > ivvec;public:    vector<vector<int> > combinationSum(vector<int> &candidates, int target) {        vector<int> ivec;        sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());        combinationSum(candidates, 0, target, ivec);        return ivvec;    }        void combinationSum(vector<int> &candidates, int beg, int target, vector<int> ivec)    {         if (0 == target)        {            ivvec.push_back(ivec);            return;        }         for (int idx = beg; idx < candidates.size(); ++idx)        {            if (target - candidates[idx] < 0)                break;            ivec.push_back(candidates[idx]);            combinationSum(candidates, idx, target - candidates[idx], ivec);            ivec.pop_back();        }    }};

Given a collection of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.

Each number in C may only be used once in the combination.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• Elements in a combination (a1, a2, … , ak) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a1 ≤ a2 ≤ … ≤ ak).
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

For example, given candidate set 10,1,2,7,6,1,5 and target 8, 
A solution set is: 
[1, 7] 
[1, 2, 5] 
[2, 6] 
[1, 1, 6] 

與上題區別不大，依舊是用DFS，主要的問題在於如何去重。

可以增加一個剪枝: 噹噹前元素跟前一個元素是相同的時候，如果前一個元素被取了，那當前元素可以被取，也可以不取，反過來如果前一個元素沒有取，那我們這個以及之後的所以相同元素都不能被取。(採用flag的向量作為標記元素是否被選取)

class Solution {private:    vector<vector<int> > ivvec;    vector<bool> flag;public:    vector<vector<int> > combinationSum2(vector<int> &num, int target) {        vector<int> ivec;        sort(num.begin(), num.end());        flag.resize(num.size());        for (int i = 0; i < flag.size(); ++i)            flag[i] = false;        combinationSum2(num, 0, ivec, target, 0);        return ivvec;    }        void combinationSum2(vector<int> &num, int beg, vector<int> ivec, int target, int sum)    {        if (sum > target)            return;        if (sum == target)        {            ivvec.push_back(ivec);            return;        }                for (int idx = beg; idx < num.size(); ++idx)        {            if (sum + num[idx] > target) continue;            if (idx != 0 && num[idx] == num[idx - 1] && flag[idx - 1] == false)                continue;            flag[idx] = true;            ivec.push_back(num[idx]);            combinationSum2(num, idx + 1, ivec, target, sum + num[idx]);            ivec.pop_back();            flag[idx] = false;        }    }};