第4課：助動詞 can, may, will等

一.本課要點及樣本

   在這一課裡我們要學習怎麼用助動詞  can,  c-a-n,   can,  may,  m-a-y,  may,  will,w-i-l-l, will 和 might, m-i-g-h-t, might. 首先我們依照慣例, 先請你聽一段對話, 內容是說 peter   在學校裡跟同學 Mary談到了學校裡的活動. 我們還是先用自然速度念一遍, 請你注意聽英文老師的發音和聲調.

   M: Hi, Mary.
   F:  Oh, hello, Peter. How are you?
   M: I'm fine. Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now. I have an exam tomorrow. I have to study for it.
   M: You're taking a lot of courses this year.
   F:  I might drop some of them. Are you still with the football team?
   M: Yes, we will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   M: Yes, of course.
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.
   M: I hope so, too.

   現在我們用慢速度再把這段對話念一遍.

   M: Hi, Mary.
   F:  Oh, hello, Peter. How are you?
   M: I'm fine. Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now. I have an exam tomorrow. I have to study for it.
   M: You're taking too many courses this year.
   F:  I might drop some of them. Are you still with the football team?
   M: Yes, we will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   M: Yes, of course.
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.
   M: I hope so, too.

   現在我把剛才那段會話裡包含了助動詞的句子挑出來,   用慢速度再念一遍給你聽.

   M: Can you have a cup of coffee with me?
   F:  I can't now.
   M: I might drop some of them.
   M: We will play a game this Friday.
   F:  May I go to see you play?
   F:  I hope the weather will be sunny Friday.

二.CAN

   首先我們學習怎麼用 can, c-a-n, can. 這個字表示 "有能力"   作一件事. 它的否定式是 cannot,  c-a-n-n-o-t,  cannot, 可以減縮為 can't, 意思當然就是說 "沒有能力"作一件事. 在第一組練習裡,  我們給你舉一些例子,   說 Peter 和 Mary  能作什麼事而不能作什麼事.  每個句子我們念兩次, 在念第二次的時候請你也跟著念.

   M: Peter can have a cup of coffee but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can have a cup of coffee but Mary can't.
   M: Peter can play football but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can play football but Mary can't.
   M: Peter can swim but Mary can't.
   F:  Peter can swim but Mary can't.
   M: Mary can dance but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can dance but Peter can't.
   M: Mary can sing but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can sing but Peter can't.
   M: Mary can speak French but Peter can't.
   F:  Mary can speak French but Peter can't.

   下面我們換一個方式作練習. 由學生問老師: "我能作什麼呢?" 然後老師提出一
個片語, 請學生用這個片語來回答問題. 我先舉一個例子:

   F:  What can I do?
   M: join the gymnastics team
   F:  I can join the gymnastics team.
   M: join the track team
   F:  I can join the track team.
   好, 現在我們開始做練習:
   F:  What can I do?
   M: join the gymnastics team
   F:  I can join the gymnastics team.
   M: join the track team
   F:  I can join the track team.
   M: drive a car
   F:  I can drive a car.
   M: cook fancy dishes
   F:  I can cook fancy dishes.
   M: speak English well
   F:  I can speak English well.
   M: run fast
   F:  I can run fast.
   M: sing an American song
   F:  I can sing an American song.

三.MAY 和 MIGHT

   學完了 can 的用法, 現在我們看看怎麼用助動詞 may 和 might. 這兩個字都表示將來事情可能發生,在句子裡可以交換使用.比方 "將來彼得可能成為職業選手"這句話可以這麼說: Peter   may   become  a   professional  player. 也可以這麼說:Peter  might become a professional player.

   好, 下面我們來作一組練習. 練習的內容都是說彼得將來可能有什麼成就. 現在我們請英文老師提出一個用 may 這個字的句子, 請學生用might 這個字來代替.在學生作練習的時候也請你跟著作.

   M: Peter may become a professional player.
   F:  Peter might become a professional player.
   M: Peter may become a sport star.
   F:  Peter might become a sport star.
   M: Peter may play in the Olympic Games.
   F:  Peter might play in the Olympic Games.

   下面我們來看一看瑪麗將來可能有什麼成就. 還是請你照樣跟著練習.

   M: Mary may become a professional singer.
   F:  Mary might become a professional singer.
   M: Mary may have a career in singing.
   F:  Mary might have a career in singing.
   M: Mary may sing in a concert.
   F:  Mary might sing in a concert.

四.用 MAY 表請求

   剛才我們學習了 can  跟 can't, 還有 may 跟 might 的用法, 下面我們要學習 may
的另外一種用法. may 這個字除了可以表示可能性之外還可以用來表示允許或是請求.

   在上一課裡我們提到彼得夏天裡要到紐約去旅行的事情; 下面一組練習談的都是彼得問媽媽到了紐約準不準他作什麼事的問題.首先由彼得問一個問題,然後你會聽到 yes  或是no. 請你根據你聽到的來回答問題. 首先舉個例子:

   M: May I go to New York with the school tour?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may go to New York with the school tour

   好, 現在我們開始做練習, 在你答覆問題之後, 請你聽正確答案.

   M: May I go to New York with the school tour?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may go to New York with the school tour.
   M: May I go to New York alone?
   F:  No!
   F:  No, you may not go to New York alone.
   M: May I take a lot of money with me?
   F:  No!
   F:  No, you may not take a lot of money with you.
   M: May I take two suitcases with me?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may take two suitcases with you.
   M: May I visit some beautiful churches in New York?
   F:  Yes!
   F:  Yes, you may visit some beautiful churches in New York.

   下面我們多舉幾個例子. 每個例子我們念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 重複一遍:

   M: May I have a cup of coffee with you?
   F:  May I have a cup of coffee with you?
   M: May I go to see you play football?
   F:  May I go to see you play football?
   M: May I have four tomatoes and a dozen eggs?
   F:  May I have four tomatoes and a dozen eggs?
   M: May I sit next to you?
   F:  May I sit next to you?
   M: May I dance with you?
   F:  May I dance with you?
   M: May I take you home?
   F:  May I take you home?
   M: May I use your telephone?
   F:  May I use your telephone?
   M: May I help you?
   F:  May I help you?

五.WILL

   好了, 現在我們學習今天要教的最後一個助動詞 will. 這個字是表示將來會發生什麼事.下面我們舉一些例子.每個句子還是念兩遍,還是請你聽一遍,重複一遍.

   M: Peter will play football this Friday.
   F:  Peter will play football this Friday.
   M: Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   F:  Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   M: Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   F:  Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   M: The weather will be sunny this Friday.
   F:  The weather will be sunny this Friday.

   現在我們學習怎麼樣把剛才那些句子加上疑問詞變成問句. 比方老師說: Peter
will play  football  this Friday. 接著老師給你一個疑問詞 what, 你就把句子改成:What  will Peter  play  this Friday?   好,  現在我們開始做練習.  在你作完一個問句之後, 就請注意聽正確的答案.

   M: Peter will play football this Friday.
   M: What
   F:  What will Peter play this Friday?
   M: Mary will go to see the football game this Friday.
   M: When
   F:  When will Mary go to see the football game?
   M: Mary will see Peter this Friday.
   M: Who
   F:  Who will Mary see this Friday?
   M: The weather will be sunny this Friday.
   M: How
   F:  How will the weather be this Friday?

   will 這個字還可以用來表示一個人的志願. 下面這組練習內容都是問你肯不肯做什麼事. 每個句子我們還是念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 重複一遍. 

   M: Will you sing a song for us?
   F:  Will you sing a song for us?
   M: Will you go to the bank with me?
   F:  Will you go to the bank with me?
   M: Will you take me to the airport?
   F:  Will you take me to the airport?
   M: Will you buy two loaves of bread?
   F:  Will you buy two loaves of bread?

   下面一組練習是把 will 跟它的否定式 will not 也就是 won't 作個比較. 還是請你聽一遍, 跟著重複一遍.

   M: Peter won't go to the supermarket but Mary will.
   F:  Peter won't go to the supermarket but Mary will.
   M: Peter won't cook for you but Mary will.
   F:  Peter won't cook for you but Mary will.
   M: Mary won't go swimming with you but Peter will.
   F:  Mary won't go swimming with you but Peter will.
   M: Mary won't have a cup of coffee but Peter will.
   F:  Mary won't have a cup of coffee but Peter will.

六.聽短文回答問題

   現在我們來作聽力測驗. 首先還是請你聽一段文章, 內容是說一般美國中學生,
比方彼得, 在學校裡面能夠參加什麼樣的體育活動,將來可能有什麼樣的成就. 我們是先用正常速度念一遍, 請你注意地聽.

   American  high  school  students,   like  Peter, may  play on school sports teams.   Most   high  schools  have  football,  baseball, basketball  and    track   teams.  Some schools might also  have   swimming   teams,   gymnastics  teams  and    tennis  teams.    Good  players  can  join   university teams when they graduate from high schools. The very best  will become popular

  sports stars.  The best  football, basketball and  tennis    players  can  become  professional.

   That means they  will have a career in sports and  will get money   when they  play. The best  track and gymnastics  students may go to the Olympic Games on the U.S. Olympic team.

   剛才那段文章你聽懂了沒有? 要是沒全部懂, 等一會兒還有機會聽. 現在我先請
英文老師把今天測驗的三個問題念給你聽.

   第一個問題是:
   M: What sports teams do most American high schools have?
   第二個問題是:
   M: What kind of players will become popular sports stars?
   第三個問題是:
   M: What does "professional players" mean?

   好, 現在我們再把剛才那段文章用慢速度念一遍, 請你注意聽:

   American  high  school  students,   like  Peter, may  play on school sports teams.   Most   high  schools  have  football,  baseball, basketball  and    track   teams.  Some schools might also  have   swimming   teams,   gymnastics  teams  and    tennis  teams.    Good  players  can  join   university teams when they graduate from high schools. The very best  will become popular   sports stars.  The best  football, basketball and   tennis   players  can  become  professional.   That means they  will have a career in sports and  will get money  when they  play. The best   track and gymnastics  students may go to the Olympic Games on the U.S. Olympic team.

   現在要請你回答今天測驗的三個問題. 在你回答之後, 還是請你聽正確的答案,看你答對了沒有.

   第一個問題是:
   M: What sports teams do most American high schools have?
   F:  They have football,baseball,basketball and track teams.
   下面是第二個問題:
   M: What kind of players will become popular sports stars?
   F:  The very best players will become popular sports stars.
   現在請你回答第三個問題:
   M: What does "professional players" mean?
   F:  It means to have a career in sports and to get money to play.