標籤:
1.建立Web API (myservice.azurewebsites.net)
這個簡單放:
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6將下面的code替代原來的TestController
using System.Net.Http;using System.Web.Http;namespace WebService.Controllers{ public class TestController : ApiController { public HttpResponseMessage Get() { return new HttpResponseMessage() { Content = new StringContent("GET: Test message") }; } public HttpResponseMessage Post() { return new HttpResponseMessage() { Content = new StringContent("POST: Test message") }; } public HttpResponseMessage Put() { return new HttpResponseMessage() { Content = new StringContent("PUT: Test message") }; } }}
1.7 可以測試建立的Web API是否可以正常工作
2.建立Client端(myclilent.azurewebsites.net)
這也是可以簡單:
2.1
2.2
2.3 找到 Client端的 Views/Home/Index.cshtml,用下面代碼替代
<div> <select id="method"> <option value="get">GET</option> <option value="post">POST</option> <option value="put">PUT</option> </select> <input type="button" value="Try it" onclick="sendRequest()" /> <span id=‘value1‘>(Result)</span></div>@section scripts {<script> var serviceUrl = ‘http://myservice.azurewebsites.net/api/test‘; // Replace with your URI. function sendRequest() { var method = $(‘#method‘).val(); $.ajax({ type: method, url: serviceUrl }).done(function (data) { $(‘#value1‘).text(data); }).error(function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { $(‘#value1‘).text(jqXHR.responseText || textStatus); }); }</script>}
2.4用例外一個網域名稱發布網站,然後進入Index 頁面,選擇 GET,POST,PUT 等,點擊 Try it 按鈕,就會發送請求到Web API, 因為Web API沒有開啟CORS,而通過AJAX請求,瀏覽器會提示 錯誤
3.Web API支援CORS
3.1開啟VS,工具->庫封裝管理員->封裝管理員控制台 ,輸入下列命令:Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors -Version 5.0.0
注意 :目前Nuget 上面最新的版本是5.2.0 ,但是我測試,下載的時候,會有一些關聯的類庫不是最新的,System.Net.Http.Formatting 要求是5.2,我在網上找不帶這dll,因此建議安裝 :Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Cors 5.0就OK了。
Nuget 科普link: http://www.cnblogs.com/dubing/p/3630434.html
3.2 開啟 WebApiConfig.Register 添加 config.EnableCors()
using System.Web.Http;namespace WebService{ public static class WebApiConfig { public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { // New code config.EnableCors(); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "DefaultApi", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); } }}
3.3 添加[EnableCors] 特性 到 TestController
using System.Net.Http;using System.Web.Http;using System.Web.Http.Cors;namespace WebService.Controllers{ [EnableCors(origins: "http://myclient.azurewebsites.net", headers: "*", methods: "*")] public class TestController : ApiController { // Controller methods not shown... }}
3.4回到Client端,這時再次發送請求,會提示成功資訊,證明CORS已經實現了。
4.為[EnableCors]設定到 Action, Controller, Globally
4.1Action
public class ItemsController : ApiController{ public HttpResponseMessage GetAll() { ... } [EnableCors(origins: "http://www.example.com", headers: "*", methods: "*")] public HttpResponseMessage GetItem(int id) { ... } public HttpResponseMessage Post() { ... } public HttpResponseMessage PutItem(int id) { ... }}
4.2Controller
[EnableCors(origins: "http://www.example.com", headers: "*", methods: "*")]public class ItemsController : ApiController{ public HttpResponseMessage GetAll() { ... } public HttpResponseMessage GetItem(int id) { ... } public HttpResponseMessage Post() { ... } [DisableCors] public HttpResponseMessage PutItem(int id) { ... }}
4.3Globally
public static class WebApiConfig{ public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { var cors = new EnableCorsAttribute("www.example.com", "*", "*"); config.EnableCors(cors); // ... }}
5.[EnableCors]工作原理
要理解CORS成功的原理,我們可以來查看一下
跨域的請求
GET http://myservice.azurewebsites.net/api/test HTTP/1.1Referer: http://myclient.azurewebsites.net/Accept: */*Accept-Language: en-USOrigin: http://myclient.azurewebsites.netAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflateUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; Trident/6.0)Host: myservice.azurewebsites.net
當發送請求的時候,瀏覽器會將“Origin”的要求標頭發送給 服務端,如果服務端允許跨域請求,那麼響應回來的要求標頭,添加“Access-Control-Allow-Origin”,以及將請求過來的 網域名稱 的value添加到 Access-Control-Allow-Origin,瀏覽器接收到這個 要求標頭,則會顯示返回的資料,否則,即使服務端成功返回資料,瀏覽器也不會接收
伺服器的響應
HTTP/1.1 200 OKCache-Control: no-cachePragma: no-cacheContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://myclient.azurewebsites.netDate: Wed, 05 Jun 2013 06:27:30 GMTContent-Length: 17GET: Test message
6.自訂CORS Policy Providers
6.1除了使用內建的[EnableCors]特性外,我們可以自訂自己的[EnableCors]。首先是要繼承Attribute 和 ICorsPolicyProvider 介面
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false)]public class MyCorsPolicyAttribute : Attribute, ICorsPolicyProvider { private CorsPolicy _policy; public MyCorsPolicyAttribute() { // Create a CORS policy. _policy = new CorsPolicy { AllowAnyMethod = true, AllowAnyHeader = true }; // Add allowed origins. _policy.Origins.Add("http://myclient.azurewebsites.net"); _policy.Origins.Add("http://www.contoso.com"); } public Task<CorsPolicy> GetCorsPolicyAsync(HttpRequestMessage request) { return Task.FromResult(_policy); }}
實現後,可以添加自己定義的[MyCorsPolicy]
[MyCorsPolicy]public class TestController : ApiController{ .. //
6.2或者你也可以從設定檔中讀取 允許的網域名
public class CorsPolicyFactory : ICorsPolicyProviderFactory{ ICorsPolicyProvider _provider = new MyCorsPolicyProvider(); public ICorsPolicyProvider GetCorsPolicyProvider(HttpRequestMessage request) { return _provider; }} public static class WebApiConfig{ public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { config.SetCorsPolicyProviderFactory(new CorsPolicyFactory()); config.EnableCors(); // ... }}
通過微軟的cors類庫,讓ASP.NET Web API 支援 CORS