Linux磁碟分割（一）：添加

Linux磁碟分割（一）：添加

***********************************************聲明************************************************

原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 部落格，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明出處（http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong）。

表述有錯誤之處，請您留言或郵件（hyldba@163.com）指明，不勝感激。

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Linux硬碟分區（一）：添加
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過程簡述

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--添加磁碟# fdisk -l                --查看磁碟情況# fdisk /dev/sdb          --為/dev/sdb裝置分區n                         --添加分區p/e  --主要磁碟分割/邏輯分區w  --儲存退出# mkdir /data  --建立掛載目錄# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb      --格式化磁碟為ext3檔案系統# fdisk -l                --再次查看磁碟情況# mount /dev/sdb /data    --掛載磁碟到建立的掛載目錄下# vi /etc/fstab           --修改啟動自動掛載項/dev/sdb    /data      ext3    defaults     0 0

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說明
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1、以上操作為精鍊總結，若如可以看懂，下面內容無需瀏覽；
2、以下簡單列舉兩例，細化操作過程。

*****************************************************************************************************舉例1：添加1塊90G磁碟，將其分為1個分區*****************************************************************************************************

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查看磁碟情況
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[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1          64      514048+  83  Linux/dev/sda2              65         586     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3             587       15665   121122067+  83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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磁碟分割
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[root@hyldb /]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 11748.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): m     --輸入m查看協助：指令提示Command action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): n--添加新分區Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)p--輸入p添加主要磁碟分割Partition number (1-4): 1--填寫分區號First cylinder (1-11748, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-11748, default 11748): Using default value 11748Command (m for help): p--列印分區列表Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1       11748    94365778+  83  LinuxCommand (m for help): w--儲存退出The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

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建立掛載目錄
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[root@hyldb /]# mkdir /data

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格式化磁碟
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[root@hyldb /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb--格式化sdb1，格式成ext3格式檔案系統mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!Proceed anyway? (y,n) yFilesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)11796480 inodes, 23592960 blocks1179648 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296720 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group16384 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,         4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@hyldb /]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1          64      514048+  83  Linux/dev/sda2              65         586     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3             587       15665   121122067+  83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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掛載磁碟到指定路徑下
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[root@hyldb /]# mount /dev/sdb /data[root@hyldb /]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3             112G  4.3G  102G   5% //dev/sda1             487M   17M  445M   4% /boottmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb               89G  184M   84G   1% /data

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修改啟動磁碟自動掛載
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[root@xckydb ~]# vi /etc/fstabLABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0/dev/sdb                /data                   ext3    defaults        0 0~~"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written--格式說明/dev/sdb1       /u01          ext3       defaults           0              0要掛載的對象    掛載的目錄    系統類別型   檔案系統存取權限   開機後是否檢測 出問題後是否轉儲

*****************************************************************************************************舉例2：1、添加1塊10G磁碟；
2、將其分為六個分區；
3、三個主要磁碟分割分別為2G；
4、剩餘空間分為擴充分區，具體分為兩個邏輯分區分別為1G，剩餘空間單獨分為一個邏輯分區。
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查看磁碟情況
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[root@hyl ~]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1             9.7G  5.4G  3.9G  59% //dev/sda3              35G   17G   17G  50% /hometmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1        1305    10482381   83  Linux/dev/sda2            1306        1827     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3            1828        6527    37752750   83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesDisk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

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為/dev/sdb裝置分區
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[root@hyl ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): mCommand action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)

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建立第一個主要磁碟分割：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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建立第二個主要磁碟分割：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): Using default value 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +2048MCommand (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (251-1305, default 251): Using default value 251Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (251-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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建立第三個主要磁碟分割：大小2G
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 3First cylinder (501-1305, default 501): Using default value 501Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (501-1305, default 1305): +2048M

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先列印分區列表看一下
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Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux

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建立擴充分區
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Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)eSelected partition 4First cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305

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建立第一個邏輯分區：大小1G
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (751-1305, default 751): Using default value 751Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (751-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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建立第二個邏輯分區：大小1G
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (876-1305, default 876): Using default value 876Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (876-1305, default 1305): +1024M

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剩餘容量建立最後一個邏輯分區
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Command (m for help): nFirst cylinder (1001-1305, default 1001): Using default value 1001Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1001-1305, default 1305): Using default value 1305

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列印分區列表
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Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb4             751        1305     4458037+   5  Extended/dev/sdb5             751         875     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb6             876        1000     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb7            1001        1305     2449881   83  Linux

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儲存退出
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Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.

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查看磁碟劃分
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[root@hyl ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 53.6 GB, 53687091200 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1        1305    10482381   83  Linux/dev/sda2            1306        1827     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris/dev/sda3            1828        6527    37752750   83  LinuxDisk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1         250     2008093+  83  Linux/dev/sdb2             251         500     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb3             501         750     2008125   83  Linux/dev/sdb4             751        1305     4458037+   5  Extended/dev/sdb5             751         875     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb6             876        1000     1004031   83  Linux/dev/sdb7            1001        1305     2449881   83  Linux--由此可以看出，sdb1、sdb2、sdb3為主要磁碟分割，sdb5、sdb6、sdb7為邏輯分區

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舉例：將sdb1格式化為ext3檔案系統
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[root@hyl ~]# cd /[root@hyl /]# mkdir data1[root@hyl /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)251392 inodes, 502023 blocks25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=51589939216 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group15712 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (8192 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

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舉例：為sdb1設定開機自動掛載 

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[root@hyl /]# vi /etc/fstab--設定開機自動掛載LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0/dev/sdb1               /data1                  ext3    defaults        0 0~~~"/etc/fstab" 8L, 608C written[root@hyl /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1[root@hyl /]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1             9.7G  5.4G  3.9G  59% //dev/sda3              35G   17G   17G  50% /hometmpfs                1006M     0 1006M   0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1             1.9G   35M  1.8G   2% /data1 

***********************************************聲明************************************************

原創作品，出自 “深藍的blog” 部落格，歡迎轉載，轉載時請務必註明出處（http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong）。

表述有錯誤之處，請您留言或郵件（hyldba@163.com）指明，不勝感激。

提醒：點擊目錄，更有助於您的查看。

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