Linux檔案系統VS 基於Windows的檔案系統

儘管許多地方相似, 但是Linux檔案系統與MS-DOS等windows檔案系統還是有許多不同：

• 在 MS-DOS中， 盤符代表不同的存放裝置(for example, A: 是磁碟片 and C: 硬碟). 在Linux, 所有的存放裝置均很好的融合進了檔案系統的階層。因此，/usr有可能在單獨的硬碟上面/mnt/rem1是其他機器的另外一個檔案系統.

• 目錄分隔字元不一樣 c:\home\chris 　/home/chris

• 在DOS中，檔案名稱經常帶有副檔名，並且代表檔案類型與相關應用程式關聯，而在Linux中副檔名不代表檔案類型。

• Linux的檔案與目錄均有許可權控制，早期的DOS系統是單使用者，後來才慢慢考慮多使用者，完善許可權管理等功能。

附Linux檔案系統的說明：

/bin - Contains common Linux user commands, such as ls, sort, date, and chmod.

/boot - Has the bootable Linux kernel and boot loader configuration files (GRUB).

/dev - Contains files representing access points to devices on your systems. These include terminal devices (tty*), floppy disks (fd*), hard disks (hd* or sc*), RAM (ram*), and CD-ROM (cd*). (Applications normally access these devices directly through the device files, but end users rarely access them directly.)

/etc - Contains administrative configuration files.

/home - Contains directories assigned to each user with a login account.

/media - Provides a location for mounting devices, such as remote file systems and removable media (with directory names of cdrom, floppy, and so on). In Fedora and RHEL, many removable media are mounted automatically in this directory when the media is inserted (CD or DVD) or connected (USB pen drives or cameras).

/proc - Provides a mechanism for the kernel to send information to processes.

/root - Represents the root user's home directory.

/sbin - Contains administrative commands and daemon processes.

/sys - A /proc-like file system, added with the Linux 2.6 kernel and intended to contain files for getting hardware status and reflecting the system's device tree as it is seen by the kernel. It pulls many of its functions from /proc.

/tmp - Contains temporary files used by applications.

/usr - Contains user documentation, games, graphical files (X11), libraries (lib), and a variety of other user and administrative commands and files.

/var - Contains directories of data used by various applications. In particular, this is where you would place files that you share as an FTP server (/var/ftp) or a Web server (/var/www). It also contains all system log files (/var/log). In time, FTP, HTTP, and similar services will move to the /srv directory to adhere to the Linux Standards Base (www.freestandards.org/spec).