Linux -- last (man手冊)

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LAST,LASTB(1)                                           Linux System Administrator‘s Manual                                           LAST,LASTB(1)



NAME
       last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users

SYNOPSIS
       last [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [-adFiowx] [ -f file ] [ -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ] [name...]  [tty...]
       lastb [-R] [-num] [ -n num ] [ -f file ] [-adFiowx] [name...]  [tty...]

DESCRIPTION
       Last  searches  back  through the file /var/log/wtmp (or the file designated by the -f flag) and displays a list of all users logged in (and
       out) since that file was created.  Names of users and tty‘s can be given, in which case last will show only those entries matching the argu‐
       ments.  Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus last 0 is the same as last tty0.

       When  last  catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usu‐
       ally control-\), last will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then terminate.

       The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted.  Thus last reboot will show a log of all reboots since  the  log  file  was
       created.

       Lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a log of the file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.

OPTIONS

       -R     Suppresses the display of the hostname field.

　　　　　　#不顯示登入地址   

　    -num   This is a count telling last how many lines to show.

       -n num The same.　　　　　　　　　　#指定顯示的行數

       -f file
              Tells last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.

　　　　　　#使用其他的檔案


       -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
              Display  the  state  of logins as of the specified time.  This is useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular
              time -- specify that time with -t and look for "still logged in".

　　 name ...   顯示指定的使用者

　　　　

　　 tty 　　　　指定連接埠

 
       -a     Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the next flag.

　　　　　　#將地址欄放在最後一欄系顯示

       -d     For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP
              number back into a hostname.
　　　　　　#使用IP地址格式顯示地址,不使用主機名稱(預設格式)

       -F     Print full login and logout times and dates.

       -i     This  option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remote host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots nota‐
              tion.

       -o     Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).

       -w     Display full user and domain names in the output.

       -x     Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.

NOTES
       The files wtmp and btmp might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local  configura‐
       tion issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be created with a simple touch(1) command (for example, touch /var/log/wtmp).

FILES
       /var/log/wtmp
       /var/log/btmp

AUTHOR
       Miquel van Smoorenburg, [email protected]

SEE ALSO
       shutdown(8), login(1), init(8)



                                                                    Jul 31, 2004                                                      LAST,LASTB(1)

Linux -- last (man手冊)