linux學習命令總結⑤

標籤：cccccc   linux   style   資訊   

#stat命令：查看檔案資訊

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log  File: `test.log‘  Size: 0             Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483339      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800

說明：

Access:訪問時間 Modify：修改時間 Change：狀態改變時間

stat *：查看目前的目錄下所有檔案資訊

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls2014-05-16  test.log[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat *  File: `2014-05-16‘  Size: 4096          Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   directoryDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483336      Links: 2Access: (0755/drwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)Access: 2014-05-16 15:01:40.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-05-16 15:01:40.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-05-16 15:01:40.000000000 +0800  File: `test.log‘  Size: 0             Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483339      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 14:27:24.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]#

#touch命令：修改檔案時間戳記，或者建立一個不存在的檔案（檔案大小、塊資訊、檔案許可權、時間戳記）

建立一個檔案：

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls2014-05-16[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch test.log[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls2014-05-16  test.log[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]#

touch –c：不建立空檔案

一般使用touch命令更新檔案時間戳記，如果檔案不存在，touch命令會自動建立指定檔案。如果不想因使用touch命令而建立任何空檔案，使用touch -c命令。

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# clear [[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 0             Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483339      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 15:00:56.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:00:56.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:00:56.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch -c test.log [[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 0             Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483339      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 15:03:34.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:03:34.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:03:34.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls      0812080808  2014-05-16  test.log[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch -c ceshi.sh[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# ls0812080808  2014-05-16  test.log[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]#

touch -t：將時間戳記修改為修改指定的日期時間

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 15:16:06.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:16:06.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:16:06.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch -c -t 08080808 test.log          [[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-08 08:08:00.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-08 08:08:00.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:16:30.000000000 +0800

touch –a：只修改訪問時間

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-11 15:26:48.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:26:48.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:26:48.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch -c -a -t 08080808 test.log [[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-08 08:08:00.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:26:48.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:27:44.000000000 +0800

touch -m：只修改修改時間

[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-08 08:08:00.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-08-11 15:26:48.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:27:44.000000000 +0800[[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# touch -c -m -t 09090909 test.log [[email protected]_168_102_centos ~]# stat test.log   File: `test.log‘  Size: 8             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular fileDevice: ca01h/51713d    Inode: 483343      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  500/ wanghan)   Gid: (  500/ wanghan)Access: 2014-08-08 08:08:00.000000000 +0800Modify: 2014-09-09 09:09:00.000000000 +0800Change: 2014-08-11 15:29:03.000000000 +0800

#cp命令：複製檔案或目錄

複製單個檔案

說明：如果目標是一個檔案並且不存在，建立檔案

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls2014-08-04-212053  a  agent_cmd.sock  ap_1002.pid  ap_1004.pid  ap_1005.pid  ap_1007.pid  ap_1008.pid  ap_1014.pid  ceshi  test  test.sh  test_1.sh  wanghan  wanghan110[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test.sh openstack[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls2014-08-04-212053  agent_cmd.sock  ap_1004.pid  ap_1007.pid  ap_1014.pid  openstack  test.sh    wanghana                  ap_1002.pid     ap_1005.pid  ap_1008.pid  ceshi        test       test_1.sh  wanghan110[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

說明：如果目標是一個檔案並且存在，會提示是否覆蓋

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cat test_1.sh123[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cat wanghan/test.shMain: load logconfig, logpath /usr/local/sa/agent/log, prefix sap1002, lognum 10, logsize 10, loglevel 2[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test_1.sh wanghan/test.shcp: overwrite `wanghan/test.sh‘? y[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cat wanghan/test.sh123

說明：如果目標存在且是個目錄，複製檔案至目標目錄，並保持原名

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test_1.sh wanghan/[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghanap_1014.pid  ceshi  test  test.sh  test_1.sh[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

複製多個檔案

說明：如果目標存在且是一個檔案，複製無法進行

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghanap_1014.pid  ceshi  test  test.sh  test_1.sh[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test.sh test_1.sh wanghan/test.shcp: target `wanghan/test.sh‘ is not a directory

說明：如果目標存在且是一個目錄，複製各檔案至目標目錄中，並保持原名

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test.sh test_1.sh wanghan/ceshi[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghan/ceshi123  test.sh  test_1.sh

說明：如果目標不存在，複製無法進行

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp test_1.sh test.sh lianxicp: target `lianxi‘ is not a directory[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

複製單獨目錄

說明：如果目標存在且是一個檔案，複製無法進行

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp -r test wanghan/test.shcp: cannot overwrite non-directory `wanghan/test.sh‘ with directory `test‘

說明：如果目標不存在，建立新目錄

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghanap_1014.pid  ceshi  test  test.sh  test_1.sh[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp -r test wanghan/openstack[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghanap_1014.pid  ceshi  openstack  test  test.sh  test_1.sh[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghan/openstack/

說明：如果目標存在且是一個目錄，複製來源目錄至目標目錄中且保持原名

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp -r test wanghan/openstack[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghan/openstacktest[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#

cp -r：遞迴處理，將指定目錄下的檔案與子目錄一併處理

[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# cp -r test wanghan/openstack[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]# ls wanghan/openstacktest[[email protected]_168_102_centos tmp]#