logrotate簡介
日誌輪轉特別適用於具有固定檔案名稱的記錄檔,比如MySQL的出錯日誌、常規查詢日誌、慢查詢日誌等。Linux系統有一個非常好用的根據logratate可以實現自動輪轉,本文介紹它的原理和用法。
logrotate是管理記錄檔的工具,在CentOS系統中,命令的位置在/usr/sbin/logrotate,常用的操作如:
-d, --debug Don't do anything, just test (implies -v)
-f, --force Force file rotation
注意:帶有-d參數,並不會產生新日誌.
logrotate一般每天由cron運行一次.標準的設定檔是/etc/logrotate.conf,而/etc/logrotate.d目錄也是儲存設定檔的位置.
logrotate常見選項:
/-----------------------------------------------
選項 | 含義
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compress | 壓縮記錄檔的所有非目前的版本
copy | 複製當前的記錄檔,忽略create參數
copytruncate | 複製當前的記錄檔,共置空當前檔案
daily | 每天輪記錄檔i
dateext | 輪換的日誌尾碼為-YYYYMMDD格式
delaycompress | 壓縮除了當前和最近之外的所有其他版本
missingok | 如果日誌不存在,不會報錯
notifempty | 如果日誌為空白,則不輪換
rotate n | 在輪換方案中包含n個版本的日誌
size=logsize | 如果記錄檔大於logsize才輪換
-----------------------------------------------/
預設情況下,logrotate部署為每天啟動並執行cronjob,你可以在目錄/etc/cron.daily裡找到名為logrotate的設定檔。那麼它是在每天的上面時候啟動並執行呢?開啟檔案/etc/crontab就知道了,下面是我機器上的情況:
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin MAILTO=root HOME=/ # run-parts 01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly 02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily 22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly 42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly |
從上面的配置我們可以知道,/etc/cron.daily是在每天淩晨4:02執行。也就是說,每天4:02分/etc/cron.daily/logrotate將會自動執行,下面是它的內容:
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
#!/bin/sh /usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf EXITVALUE=$? if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]" fi exit 0 |
從上面我們可以知道,logratate預設的設定檔是/etc/logrotate.conf,下面是它的內容:
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
# see "man logrotate" for details # rotate log files weekly weekly # keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs rotate 4 # create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones create # use date as a suffix of the rotated file dateext # uncomment this if you want your log files compressed #compress # RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory include /etc/logrotate.d # no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here /var/log/wtmp { monthly create 0664 root utmp minsize 1M rotate 1 } /var/log/btmp { missingok monthly create 0600 root utmp rotate 1 } # system-specific logs may be also be configured here. |
從/etc/logrotate.conf配置可以知道,這個預設的設定檔將讀取目錄/etc/logrotate.d,所以我們只要把自己寫的設定檔放到/etc/logrotate.d目錄下即可。
mysql 配置篇
MySQL本省提供了一個rotate的參考設定檔,在mysql安裝目錄下的support-files目錄裡,檔案名稱為mysql-log-rotate,內容如下:
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
# This logname can be set in /etc/my.cnf # by setting the variable "err-log" # in the [safe_mysqld] section as follows: # # [safe_mysqld] # err-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log # # If the root user has a password you have to create a # /root/.my.cnf configuration file with the following # content: # # [mysqladmin] # password = <secret> # user= root # # where "<secret>" is the password. # # ATTENTION: This /root/.my.cnf should be readable ONLY # for root ! /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log { # create 600 mysql mysql notifempty daily rotate 3 missingok compress postrotate # just if mysqld is really running if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null then /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs fi endscript } |
從上面的注釋資訊可以看到步驟:
1.建立MySQL root密碼檔案
vi /root/.my.cnf
編輯如下內容
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
[mysqladmin] password = <secret> user= root
|
註: <secret>是你的root 密碼
2.給root 讀的許可權
chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf
3.把mysql-log-rotate拷貝至/etc/logrotate.d目錄下,修改其內容為:
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
/usr/local/mysql/data/*.log { create 600 mysql mysql notifempty daily rotate 7 missingok compress postrotate # http://www.111cn.net # just if mysqld is really running if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null then /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs fi endscript }
|
4.執行以下命令測試
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
/usr/sbin/logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate |
nginx 配置篇
將下面代碼 寫入 /etc/logrotate.d/nginx
| 代碼如下 |
複製代碼 |
/usr/local/nginx/log/*.log { create 600 www www notifempty daily rotate 7 missingok compress postrotate #servic nginx reload endscript } |