oracle中rman備份組加密的方法

資料的安全越來越重要,不是說你的生產庫安全，你的資料就一定安全了，rman備份也是泄露資料的一個重要地方,如果別人拿到了你的備份組,一樣等同入侵了你的生產庫。為了rman備份的安全，最簡單方式就是使用set encryption方式在rman備份過程中設定密碼,需要版本為10.2及其以後企業版版,另外如果需要備份到帶庫只能使用oracle自己的osb(Oracle Secure Backup),注意rman只有backupset可以加密,copy無法進行加密
資料庫版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> show parameter compatible

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
compatible                           string      11.2.0.4.0

支援rman密碼編譯演算法

SQL> select ALGORITHM_NAME
  2  from V$RMAN_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHMS;

ALGORITHM_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------
AES128
AES192
AES256

調整密碼編譯演算法

RMAN> show  ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

RMAN> CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> show ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES256';

建立新測試資料檔案

我們這裡測試的是對新建立的5號檔案進行加密備份與還原
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

SQL> create tablespace rman_xifenfei datafile
  2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf' size 100M;

Tablespace created.

SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

     FILE# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
         4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
         5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf

SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei tablespace rman_xifenfei
  2  as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     86721

rman加密備份

RMAN> set encryption on identified by 'www.111cn.net' only;

executing command: SET encryption

RMAN> backup datafile 5;

Starting backup at 28-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=5 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 28-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 28-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 28-JAN-15

準備恢複測試

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 offline';

sql statement: alter database datafile 5 offline

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf: No such file or directory

rman恢複測試

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Jan 28 23:02:24 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1378620768)

RMAN> list backup of datafile 5;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1       Full    10.94M     DISK        00:00:01     28-JAN-15     
        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150128T230115
        Piece Name: /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
  List of Datafiles in backup set 1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
  5       Full 54057180   28-JAN-15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf

--未輸入密碼

RMAN> restore datafile 5;

Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=492 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:02:52
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup
ORA-28365: wallet is not open

--設定錯誤密碼

RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.orasos.com';

executing command: SET decryption

RMAN> restore datafile 5;

Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 01/28/2015 23:03:31
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
ORA-19913: unable to decrypt backup
ORA-28365: wallet is not open

--設定正確密碼

RMAN> SET DECRYPTION IDENTIFIED BY 'www.111cn.net';

executing command: SET decryption

RMAN> restore datafile 5;

Starting restore at 28-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/2015_01_28/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150128T230115_bdkyfvlw_.bkp tag=TAG20150128T230115
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 28-JAN-15
驗證資料還原
RMAN> recover datafile 5;

Starting recover at 28-JAN-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=7 device type=DISK

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 28-JAN-15

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 online';

sql statement: alter database datafile 5 online

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 28 23:05:55 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     86721

至此我們可以看到,最簡單的rman加密備份和加密恢複測試完成,在使用set encryption加密後,如果不輸入或者錯誤的輸入密碼無法使用備份組,從而確保了備份組的安全.