MongoDB整庫備份與還原以及單個collection備份、恢複

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備份前的檢查
> show dbs
MyDB 0.0625GB
admin (empty)
bruce 0.0625GB
local (empty)
test 0.0625GB
> use MyDB
switched to db MyDB
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e290aa39a1945747b28f1ee"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e2cd2182a65c81f21566318"), "a" : 3, "b" : 5 }
>

整庫備份：
mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
-h：MongDB所在伺服器位址，例如：127.0.0.1，當然也可以指定連接埠號碼：127.0.0.1:27017
-d：需要備份的資料庫執行個體，例如：test
-o：備份的資料存放位置，例如：c:\data\dump，當然該目錄需要提前建立，在備份完成後，系統自動在dump目錄下建立一個test目錄，這個目錄裡面存放該資料庫執行個體的備份資料。

mongodump的官方說明(可通過mongodump --help查看)：options:  --help                   produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]         be more verbose (include multiple times for more                           verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version                print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg        mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for                           sets)  --port arg               server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                   enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg    username  -p [ --password ] arg    password  --dbpath arg             directly access mongod database files in the given                           path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                           needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                           if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb         if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                           directory  --journal                enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg          database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg  collection to use (some commands)  -o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout  -q [ --query ] arg       json query  --oplog                  Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting  --repair                 try to recover a crashed database  --forceTableScan         force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

整庫恢複：
mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname –directoryperdb dbdirectory
-h：MongoDB所在伺服器位址
-d：需要恢複的資料庫執行個體，例如：test，當然這個名稱也可以和備份時候的不一樣，比如test2
–directoryperdb：備份資料所在位置，例如：c:\data\dump\test，這裡為什麼要多加一個test，而不是備份時候的dump，讀者自己查看提示吧！
–drop：恢複的時候，先刪除當前資料，然後恢複備份的資料。就是說，恢複後，備份後添加修改的資料都會被刪除，慎用哦！

mongorestore的官方說明(可通過mongorestore --help查看)：options:  --help                  produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more                          verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version               print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)  --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg   username  -p [ --password ] arg   password  --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given                          path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                          needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                          if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                          directory  --journal               enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  --objcheck              validate object before inserting  --filter arg            filter to apply before inserting  --drop                  drop each collection before import  --oplogReplay           replay oplog for point-in-time restore  --oplogLimit arg        exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp                          (epoch[:ordinal])  --keepIndexVersion      don‘t upgrade indexes to newest version  --noOptionsRestore      don‘t restore collection options  --noIndexRestore        don‘t restore indexes  --w arg (=1)            minimum number of replicas per write

單個collection備份：
mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory
-h: MongoDB所在伺服器位址
-d: 需要恢複的資料庫執行個體
-c: 需要恢複的集合
-f: 需要匯出的欄位(省略為所有欄位)
-o: 表示匯出的檔案名稱

mongoexport的官方說明(可通過mongoexport --help查看)：  --help                    produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]          be more verbose (include multiple times for more                            verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version                 print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg         mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for                            sets)  --port arg                server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                    enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg     username  -p [ --password ] arg     password  --dbpath arg              directly access mongod database files in the given                            path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                            needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                            if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb          if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                            directory  --journal                 enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg           database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg   collection to use (some commands)  -f [ --fields ] arg       comma separated list of field names e.g. -f                            name,age  --fieldFile arg           file with fields names - 1 per line  -q [ --query ] arg        query filter, as a JSON string  --csv                     export to csv instead of json  -o [ --out ] arg          output file; if not specified, stdout is used  --jsonArray               output to a json array rather than one object per                            line  -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default                            true  --forceTableScan          force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

單個collection恢複：
mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file
-type: 指明要匯入的檔案格式
-headerline: 批明不匯入第一行，因為第一行是列名
-file: 指明要匯入的檔案路徑

mongoimport的官方說明(可通過mongoimport --help查看)：  --help                  produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more                          verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version               print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)  --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg   username  -p [ --password ] arg   password  --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given                          path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                          needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                          if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                          directory  --journal               enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  -f [ --fields ] arg     comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age  --fieldFile arg         file with fields names - 1 per line  --ignoreBlanks          if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored  --type arg              type of file to import.  default: json (json,csv,tsv)  --file arg              file to import from; if not specified stdin is used  --drop                  drop collection first  --headerline            CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers  --upsert                insert or update objects that already exist  --upsertFields arg      comma-separated fields for the query part of the                          upsert. You should make sure this is indexed  --stopOnError           stop importing at first error rather than continuing  --jsonArray             load a json array, not one item per line. Currently                          limited to 16MB.

其他匯入與匯出操作：

1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat

參數說明:

-d 指明使用的庫, 本例中為” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要匯出的表, 本例中為”user”

可以看到匯入資料的時候會隱式建立表結構

2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat

參數說明:

-d 指明使用的庫, 本例中為” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要匯出的表, 本例中為”user”

-o 指明要匯出的檔案名稱, 本例中為”user.dat”

從上面可以看到匯出的方式使用的是JSON 的樣式.

 

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MongoDB整庫備份與還原以及單個collection備份、恢複