mongoDB-----針對某個或多個文檔只需要部分更新可使用原子的更新修改器

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 update()

db.collection.update(   <query>,   <update>,   {     upsert: <boolean>,     multi: <boolean>,     writeConcern: <document>   })

db.collection.update( criteria, objNew, upsert, multi )    四個參數的說明如下:

criteria: update的查詢條件,類似sql update查詢內where後面的

objNew: update的對象和一些更新的操作符(如$,$inc...)等,也可以理解為sql update查詢內set後面的

upsert: 這個參數的意思是,如果不存在update的記錄,是否插入objNew,true為插入,預設是false,不插入。

multi: mongodb預設是false,只更新找到的第一條記錄,如果這個參數為true,就把按條件查出來多條記錄全部更新。

1、$inc

修改器$inc可以對文檔的某個值為數字型(只能為滿足要求的數字)的鍵進行增減的操作。數字 型加減運算

範例文件:{"uid":"201203","type":"1",size:10}

> db.b.insert({"uid":"201203","type":"1",size:10})
> db.b.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid" : "201203", "type" : "1",
"size" : 10 }
> db.b.update({"uid" : "201203"},{"$inc":{"size" : 1}})
> db.b.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid" : "201203", "type" : "1",
"size" : 11 }
> db.b.update({"uid" : "201203"},{"$inc":{"size" : 2}})
> db.b.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid" : "201203", "type" : "1",
"size" : 13 }
> db.b.update({"uid" : "201203"},{"$inc":{"size" : -1}})
> db.b.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003b6135af21ff428dafbe6"), "uid" : "201203", "type" : "1",
"size" : 12 }

 

2.$set

用來指定一個鍵並更新索引值,若鍵不存在並建立新的一條資料

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})

{ "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc" : "hello world2!", "num": 40, "sname" : "jk", "type" : "3", "uid" : "20120002" }

1)size鍵不存在的場合

db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$set":{"size":10}})

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc" : "hello world2!", "num"
: 40, "size" : 10, "sname" : "jk", "type" : "3", "uid" : "20120002" }

2)sname鍵存在的場合
> db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$set":{"sname":"ssk"}})
> db.a.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"), "desc" : "hello world2!", "num"
: 40, "size" : 10, "sname" : "ssk", "type" : "3", "uid" : "20120002" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc" : "hello world1!", "num"
: 50, "sname" : "jk", "type" : "1", "uid" : "20120002" }

3)可改變鍵的實值型別
> db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$set":{"sname":["java",".net","c++"]}})

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),
        "desc" : "hello world2!",
        "num" : 40,
        "size" : 10,
        "sname" : [
                "java",
                ".net",
                "c++"
        ],
        "type" : "3",
        "uid" : "20120002"
}

4)對於內嵌的文檔,$set又是如何進行更新的內嵌的文檔的呢,請看下面的樣本:
  範例文件:{"name":"toyota","type":"suv","size":{"height":10,"width":5,"length":15}}

  > db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"})
  {
          "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),
          "name" : "toyota",
          "type" : "suv",
          "size" : {
                  "height" : 10,
                  "width" : 5,
                  "length" : 15
          }
  }

db.c.update({"name":"toyota"},{"$set":{"size.height":8}})

db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),
        "name" : "toyota",
        "type" : "suv",
        "size" : {
                "height" : 8,
                "width" : 5,
                "length" : 15
        }
}

 

db.c.update({"name":"toyota"},{"$set":{"size.width":7}})
> db.c.findOne({"name":"toyota"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"),
        "name" : "toyota",
        "type" : "suv",
        "size" : {
                "height" : 8,
                "width" : 7,
                "length" : 15
        }
}
可見:對於內嵌文檔在使用$set更新時,使用"."串連的方式。

 

3.$unset

得出結論:使用修改器$unset時,不論對目標鍵使用1、0、-1或者具體的字串等都是可以刪除該目標鍵。

db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$unset":{"sname":1}})

 db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),
        "desc" : "hello world2!",
        "num" : 40,
        "size" : 10,
        "type" : "3",
        "uid" : "20120002"
}

 

db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$unset":{"num":0}})

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),
        "desc" : "hello world2!",
        "size" : 10,
        "type" : "3",
        "uid" : "20120002"
}

 db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$unset":{"size":-1}})

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),
        "desc" : "hello world2!",
        "type" : "3",
        "uid" : "20120002"
}

db.a.update({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"},{"$unset":{"desc":"sssssss"}})

db.a.findOne({"uid" : "20120002","type" : "3"})
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("500216de81b954b6161a7d8f"),
        "type" : "3",
        "uid" : "20120002"
}

 

4、數組修改器--$push

$push--向文檔的某個數群組類型的鍵添加一個數組元素,不過濾重複的資料。添加時鍵存在,要求索引值類型必須是數組;鍵不存在,則建立數群組類型的鍵。

> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "type" : "suv",
"size" : { "height" : 8, "width" : 7, "length" : 15 } }

先push一個當前文檔中不存在的鍵title

> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t1"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1" ], "type" : "suv" }
 
--再向title中push一個值
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2" ], "type" : "suv" }

--再向title中push一個值
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t2" ], "type" : "suv" }

--再向一個已經存在的索引值非數群組類型的鍵push一個值
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$push:{"size.height":10}})
Cannot apply $push/$pushAll modifier to non-array
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$push:{"name":"ddddddd"}})
Cannot apply $push/$pushAll modifier to non-array

 

5.數組修改器--$ne/$addToSet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
主要給數群組類型索引值添加一個元素時,避免在數組中產生重複資料,$ne在有些情況是不通行的。

> db.c.update({"title" : {$ne:"t2"}},{$push:{"title":"t2"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t2" ], "type" : "suv" }

> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$addToSet:{"title":"t2"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t2" ], "type" : "suv" }

 

數組修改器--$pop、$pull

$pop從數組的頭或者尾刪除數組中的元素,樣本如下:
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t3", "t4" ],"type" : "suv" }

--從數組的尾部刪除 1
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":1}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t3" ], "type" : "suv" }
--從數組的頭部 -1
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":-1}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t2", "t3" ], "type" : "suv" }
--從數組的尾部刪除 0
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$pop:{"title":0}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t2" ], "type" : "suv" }

 

$pull從數組中刪除滿足條件的元素

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t2", "t2", "t3" ],"type" : "suv" }
 
> db.c.update({"name" : "toyota"},{$pull:{"title":"t2"}})
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003be465af21ff428dafbe7"), "name" : "toyota", "size" : { "height" : 8,
 "width" : 7, "length" : 15 }, "title" : [ "t1", "t3" ], "type" : "suv" }

 

數組的定位修改器

在需要對數組中的值進行操作的時候,可通過位置或者定位操作符("$").數組是0開始的,可以直接將下標作為鍵來選擇元素。

{"uid":"001",comments:[{"name":"t1","size":10},{"name":"t2","size":12}]}

> db.c.find({"uid":"001"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid" : "001", "comments" : [ {
"name" : "t1", "size" : 10 }, { "name" : "t2", "size" : 12 } ] }
> db.c.update({"uid":"001"},{$inc:{"comments.0.size":1}})
> db.c.find({"uid":"001"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid" : "001", "comments" : [ {
"name" : "t1", "size" : 11 }, { "name" : "t2", "size" : 12 } ] }
> db.c.update({"comments.name":"t1"},{$set:{"comments.$.size":1}})
> db.c.find({"uid":"001"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003da405af21ff428dafbe8"), "uid" : "001", "comments" : [ {
"name" : "t1", "size" : 1 }, { "name" : "t2", "size" : 12 } ] }

--若為多個文檔滿足條件,則只更新第一個文檔。

 

upsert

upsert是一種特殊的更新。當沒有合格文檔,就以這個條件和更新文檔為基礎建立一個新的文檔,如果找到匹配的文檔就正常的更新。
使用upsert,既可以避免競態問題,也可以減少代碼量(update的第三個參數就表示這個upsert,參數為true時)

> db.c.remove()
> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}})
> db.c.find()
> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}},false)
> db.c.find()
> db.c.update({"size":11},{$inc:{"size":3}},true)
> db.c.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5003ded6c28f67507a6df1de"), "size" : 14 }

 

save函數


1.可以在文檔不存在的時候插入,存在的時候更新,只有一個參數文檔。
2.要是文檔含有"_id",會調用upsert。否則,會調用插入。
> db.a.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc" : "hello world1!", "num": 50,
 "sname" : "jk", "type" : "1", "uid" : "20120002" }
> var o = db.a.findOne()
> o.num = 55
55
> db.a.save(o)
> db.a.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50026affdeb4fa8d154f8572"), "desc" : "hello world1!", "num": 55,
 "sname" : "jk", "type" : "1", "uid" : "20120002" }

mongoDB-----針對某個或多個文檔只需要部分更新可使用原子的更新修改器

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