MySQL-5.5之二進位包安裝

標籤：mysql

環境：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

開始安裝配置：

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# ll -h

total 178M

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178M Apr 22 16:27 mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/   # 解壓

[[email protected] src]# cd ..

[[email protected] local]# mv mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64/   mysql-5.5.55     # 改名

[[email protected] local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.55  mysql          # 做軟串連

[[email protected] local]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M          # 建立系統使用者

[[email protected] local]# mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql             # 初始化資料庫

[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql:mysql  mysql-5.5.55       # 對目錄授權

[[email protected] local]# vi /etc/my.cnf                      # 建立設定檔，測試用的

[client]port=3306socket= /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld]user    = mysqldatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/character-set-server = utf8skip-character-set-client-handshakeinit-connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8‘open_files_limit=1024back_log = 600max_connections = 800max_connect_errors = 3000table_cache = 614external-locking = FALSEmax_allowed_packet =8Msort_buffer_size = 1Mjoin_buffer_size = 1Mthread_cache_size = 100thread_concurrency = 2query_cache_size = 2Mquery_cache_limit = 1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2kthread_stack = 192Ktmp_table_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 2Mlog-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-binbinlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_size = 2Mexpire_logs_days = 7key_buffer_size = 16Mread_buffer_size = 1Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 1Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 1Mlower_case_table_names = 1skip-name-resolveslave-skip-errors = 1032,1062replicate-ignore-db=mysqlserver-id = 1innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 16Minnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 2Minnodb_log_file_size = 4Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 0[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 2M[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/bin/* sbin/    # 複製執行命令到 sbin 下

[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  # 產生啟動指令碼

[[email protected] local]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start      # 直接啟動服務

Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS! 

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup                    # 查看服務

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      7853/mysqld 

[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i:3306

COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld  7853 mysql   12u  IPv4  24118      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[[email protected] local]# mysqladmin -u root password      # 給 root 密碼，預設免密登入

Enter password: 

[[email protected] local]# mysql -uroot -p             # 互動式密碼登入

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> drop database test;             # 刪掉測試庫

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user   | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | ::1            |

|         | localhost |

| root | localhost |

|         | sql-m      |

| root | sql-m      |

+------+-----------+

6 rows in set (0.11 sec)

mysql> drop user [email protected]‘::1‘;              # 把沒用的使用者刪除

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> drop user ‘‘@localhost;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ‘‘@‘sql-m‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user [email protected]‘sql-m‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

[[email protected] local]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password    # 改密碼

New password: 

Confirm new password:

測試忘記root密碼重新找回：

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop       # 先停掉服務

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &    # 忽略授權表方式啟動服務

[1] 3685

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘.

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[[email protected] ~]# 170422 17:37:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

奇怪居然失敗了！看一下日誌先。。。

[[email protected] ~]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log 

170422 17:39:41  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start

170422 17:39:42 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 1595668

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Recovering after a crash using /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Starting crash recovery...

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Crash recovery finished.

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): ‘0.0.0.0‘; port: 3306

170422 17:39:42 [Note]   - ‘0.0.0.0‘ resolves to ‘0.0.0.0‘;

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ‘0.0.0.0‘.

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] /usr/local/sbin/mysqld: Can‘t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid‘ (Errcode: 2)

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] Can‘t start server: can‘t create PID file: No such file or directory

可以看到，無法建立 pid 檔案，這肯定是沒許可權造成的。

/var/run/mysqld 這個路徑是設定檔裡配的：

[[email protected] ~]# tail -3 /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

   這裡有點奇怪，用 /etc/init.d/mysqld 啟動服務時它不會讀取設定檔裡配置的 pid 路徑，而用 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 忽略授權表方式啟動服務卻會讀取設定檔裡的 pid 路徑。

不想動 /var/log/ 這個目錄的許可權，改設定檔

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &   # 再次執行

[1] 7109

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘.

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[[email protected] ~]#                            # 這次可以了

[[email protected] ~]# mysql                 # 免密登入

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(‘123‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;                               # 修改密碼

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

突然想到 mysqld_safe 這個命令這麼厲害，看一下它的許可權：

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe 

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27100 Apr 22 16:39 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe

嚇一跳有沒有，居然什麼人都可以執行，太危險了！

馬上改掉，兩個地方都改掉：

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe 

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe             

-rwx------ 1 root root 27100 Apr 22 16:39 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 

-rwx------ 1 mysql mysql 27100 Mar 18 13:14 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

以上二進位包簡單安裝完成。

本文出自 “從沒想過放棄！” 部落格，請務必保留此出處http://yuyicong.blog.51cto.com/11274530/1918544

MySQL-5.5之二進位包安裝