[MySQL] MySQL的自動化安裝部署

有過MySQL營運的人應該都清楚，線上的MySQL一般都採用源碼編譯，因為這樣才可以根據企業的各自需要選擇要編譯的功能，雖然MySQL的源碼編譯挺簡單的，但是試想一下，如果你有幾百台伺服器同時要安裝MySQL，難道你還一台台去手動編譯、編寫設定檔嗎？這顯然太低效了，本文討論MySQL的自動化安裝部署。

1、製作符合自己需求的RPM包我們要根據MySQL的源碼編譯符合企業需求的RPM包，源碼擷取命令如下：

wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gztar -zxvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gzcd mysql-5.6.16mkdir rpmcd rpm

在上面我們擷取了源碼，並在源碼主目錄下建立rpm目錄，接著我們在該目錄下建立mysql.spec檔案：

Name: mysqlVersion:5.6.16Release: guahaoLicense: GPLURL: http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.16.tar.gzGroup: applications/databaseBuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root BuildRequires: cmakePackager: zhuxj@guahao.comAutoreq: noprefix: /opt/mysqlSummary: MySQL 5.6.16%description The MySQL(TM) software delivers a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user,and robust SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. MySQL Serveris intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems as wellas for embedding into mass-deployed software.%define MYSQL_USER mysql%define MYSQL_GROUP mysql%define __os_install_post %{nil}%buildcd $OLDPWD/../CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"CXX=g++CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"export CFLAGS CXX CXXFLAGScmake .                                                  \  -DSYSCONFDIR:PATH=%{prefix}                            \  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=%{prefix}                  \  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release                      \  -DENABLE_PROFILING:BOOL=ON                             \  -DWITH_DEBUG:BOOL=OFF                                  \  -DWITH_VALGRIND:BOOL=OFF                               \  -DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF                           \  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all                       \  -DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled                              \  -DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF                             \  -DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled                             \  -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                \  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                 \  -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                  \  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON                \  -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON               \  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                                 \  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci                    \  -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all                              \  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE:BOOL=ON                         \  -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=0                               \  -DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE                     \  -DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON                              \  -DMYSQL_SERVER_SUFFIX='-r5436';make -j `cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor| wc -l`%installcd $OLDPWD/../make DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT install%cleanrm -rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%files%defattr(-, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP})%attr(755, %{MYSQL_USER}, %{MYSQL_GROUP}) %{prefix}/*%pre%postln -s %{prefix}/lib %{prefix}/lib64%preun%changelog

有了這個spec檔案之後，就可以執行如下命令產生我們自己的RPM包：

rpmbuild -bb ./mysql.spec

2、編寫my.cnf模板my.cnf模板如下：

[mysqld_safe]pid-file=/opt/mysql/run/mysqld.pid[mysql]prompt=\\u@\\d \\r:\\m:\\s>default-character-set=gbkno-auto-rehash[client]socket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock[mysqld]#dirbasedir=/opt/mysqldatadir=/data/mysql/datatmpdir=/data/mysql/tmplog-error=/data/mysql/log/alert.logslow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/log/slow.loggeneral_log_file=/data/mysql/log/general.logsocket=/opt/mysql/run/mysql.sock#innodbinnodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql/datainnodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql/datainnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:2G;ibdata2:16M:autoextendinnodb_buffer_pool_size=10Ginnodb_buffer_pool_instances=4innodb_log_files_in_group=4innodb_log_file_size=1Ginnodb_log_buffer_size=200Minnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20Minnodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_io_capacity=200innodb_thread_concurrency=32innodb_read_io_threads=8innodb_write_io_threads=8innodb_open_files=60000innodb_file_format=Barracudainnodb_file_per_table=1innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECTinnodb_change_buffering=allinnodb_adaptive_flushing=1innodb_old_blocks_time=1000innodb_stats_on_metadata=0innodb_read_ahead=0innodb_use_native_aio=0innodb_lock_wait_timeout=50innodb_rollback_on_timeout=0innodb_purge_threads=1innodb_strict_mode=1transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED#myisamkey_buffer_size=100Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=64Mconcurrent_insert=2delayed_insert_timeout=300#replicationmaster-info-file=/data/mysql/log/master.inforelay-log=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relayrelay_log_info_file=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.inforelay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/mysql-relay.indexslave_load_tmpdir=/data/mysql/tmpslave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY"slave_net_timeout=4skip-slave-startsync_master_info=1000sync_relay_log_info=1000#binloglog-bin=/data/mysql/log/mysql-binserver_id=2552763370binlog_cache_size=32Kmax_binlog_cache_size=2Gmax_binlog_size=500Mbinlog_format=ROWsync_binlog=1000log-slave-updates=1expire_logs_days=0#serverdefault-storage-engine=INNODBcharacter-set-server=gbklower_case_table_names=1skip-external-lockingopen_files_limit=65536safe-user-createlocal-infile=1performance_schema=0log_slow_admin_statements=1log_warnings=1long_query_time=1slow_query_log=1general_log=0query_cache_type=0query_cache_limit=1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit=1Ktable_definition_cache=65536thread_stack=512Kthread_cache_size=256read_rnd_buffer_size=128Ksort_buffer_size=256Kjoin_buffer_size=128Kread_buffer_size=128Kport=3306skip-name-resolveskip-sslmax_connections=4500max_user_connections=4000max_connect_errors=65536max_allowed_packet=128Mconnect_timeout=8net_read_timeout=30net_write_timeout=60back_log=1024#server id

細心的讀者應該會注意在，在my.cnf的末尾在server id上留了空白，在後面的shell指令碼會動態加上，這是因為在一個企業內部的所有MySQL的server id必須保持全域一致性，這樣在主備複製時才不會導致混亂。其實如果想把這個指令碼寫的更通用，完全可以把更多的參數留白，如port、datadir、記憶體相關參數等，這裡我只是以server id為例，拋磚引玉。3、準備MySQL資料目錄模板你得事先準備一台MySQL，可以根據自己的需求，把通用性的東西放在上面（如賬戶等），下面是一個最簡單的已安裝好的MySQL的資料目錄結構：

[root@lx25 mysql]# ls -ltotal 12drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 datadrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  1 18:21 logdrwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul  2 09:26 tmp[root@lx25 mysql]# cd data[root@lx25 data]# ls -ltotal 6314044drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 mysqldrwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 performance_schemadrwx------ 2 mysql mysql       4096 Jul  1 17:17 test

把該目錄用tar打包（命名為data.tar），然後以這個為模板解壓至新裝MySQL執行個體的資料目錄下即可。4、編寫自動化安裝部署指令碼在運行這個指令碼之前，我們必須得把前面幾部製作的rpm包、my.cnf模板和資料目錄模板放到一個固定的地方，本例中是放在企業內部的ftp上。MySQL自動化安裝部署指令碼（命名為：mysql_install.sh）如下：

#!/bin/sh#Step 1: Prepareyum install cmake gcc g++ bison ncurses-devel zlib groupadd mysqluseradd -g mysql mysql#Step 2: Get Sourceftp -n<<EOFopen 10.10.100.254user zhuxianjie zxj321binarycd mysqlpromptmget *EOF#Step 3: Installunique_id=`date "+%Y%m%d%M%S"`echo 'server_id='$unique_id >> my.cnfrpm -ivh mysql-5.6.16-guahao.x86_64.rpmcp my.cnf /opt/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysqltar xvf data.tar -C /datachown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql#step 4: Start MySQLcp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqldchmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqldchkconfig mysqld on/etc/init.d/mysqld start