mysql建立、刪除使用者與授權(linux測試),mysqllinux
注:我的運行環境是SUSE Linux + mysql5.6
一.建立使用者:
命令:CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
說明:username - 你將建立的使用者名稱, host - 指定該使用者在哪個主機上可以登陸,如果是本機使用者可用localhost, 如果想讓該使用者可以從任意遠程主機登陸,可以使用萬用字元%. password - 該使用者的登陸密碼,密碼可以為空白,如果為空白則該使用者可以不要求輸入密碼登入伺服器.
例子: CREATE USER 'zpc'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'zpc'@'192.168.1.101_' IDENDIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'zpc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE USER 'zpc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '';
CREATE USER 'zpc'@'%';
二.授權:
命令:GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host'
說明: privileges - 使用者的操作許可權,如SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE 等(詳細列表見該文最後面).如果要授予所的許可權則使用ALL.;databasename - 資料庫名,tablename-表名,如果要授予該使用者對所有資料庫和表的相應操作許可權則可用*表示, 如*.*.
例子: GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'zpc'@'%';
注意:用以上命令授權的使用者不能給其它使用者授權,如果想讓該使用者可以授權,用以下命令:
GRANT privileges ON databasename.tablename TO 'username'@'host' WITH GRANT OPTION;
查看某個使用者在某個資料庫裡的許可權
show grants for 'zpc'@'%';
查看資料庫所有使用者
SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
三.設定與更改使用者密碼
命令:SET PASSWORD FOR 'username'@'host' = PASSWORD('newpassword');如果是當前登陸使用者用SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD("newpassword");
例子: SET PASSWORD FOR 'pig'@'%' = PASSWORD("123456");
如果上述命令無效,則嘗試如下的方法
#在linux控制台上輸入
bash$ mysql -u root mysql
#用mysql客戶程式
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD("123456") WHERE user='zpc';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> QUIT
四.撤銷使用者權限
命令: REVOKE privilege ON databasename.tablename FROM 'username'@'host';
說明: privilege, databasename, tablename - 同授權部分.
例子: REVOKE SELECT ON *.* FROM 'pig'@'%';
注意: 假如你在給使用者'pig'@'%'授權的時候是這樣的(或類似的):GRANT SELECT ON test.user TO 'pig'@'%', 則在使用REVOKE SELECT ON *.* FROM 'pig'@'%';命令並不能撤銷該使用者對test資料庫中user表的SELECT 操作.相反,如果授權使用的是GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'pig'@'%';則REVOKE SELECT ON test.user FROM 'pig'@'%';命令也不能撤銷該使用者對test資料庫中user表的Select 許可權.
具體資訊可以用命令SHOW GRANTS FOR 'zpc'@'%'; 查看.
五.刪除使用者
命令: DROP USER 'username'@'host';
附表:在MySQL中的操作許可權
ALTER |
Allows use of ALTER TABLE. |
ALTER ROUTINE |
Alters or drops stored routines. |
CREATE |
Allows use of CREATE TABLE. |
CREATE ROUTINE |
Creates stored routines. |
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE |
Allows use of CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE. |
CREATE USER |
Allows use of CREATE USER, DROP USER, RENAME USER, and REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES. |
CREATE VIEW |
Allows use of CREATE VIEW. |
DELETE |
Allows use of DELETE. |
DROP |
Allows use of DROP TABLE. |
EXECUTE |
Allows the user to run stored routines. |
FILE |
Allows use of SELECT... INTO OUTFILE and LOAD DATA INFILE. |
INDEX |
Allows use of CREATE INDEX and DROP INDEX. |
INSERT |
Allows use of INSERT. |
LOCK TABLES |
Allows use of LOCK TABLES on tables for which the user also has SELECT privileges. |
PROCESS |
Allows use of SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST. |
RELOAD |
Allows use of FLUSH. |
REPLICATION |
Allows the user to ask where slave or master |
CLIENT |
servers are. |
REPLICATION SLAVE |
Needed for replication slaves. |
SELECT |
Allows use of SELECT. |
SHOW DATABASES |
Allows use of SHOW DATABASES. |
SHOW VIEW |
Allows use of SHOW CREATE VIEW. |
SHUTDOWN |
Allows use of mysqladmin shutdown. |
SUPER |
Allows use of CHANGE MASTER, KILL, PURGE MASTER LOGS, and SET GLOBAL SQL statements. Allows mysqladmin debug command. Allows one extra connection to be made if maximum connections are reached. |
UPDATE |
Allows use of UPDATE. |
USAGE |
Allows connection without any specific privileges. |
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