標籤:伺服器 mysql 虛擬機器 三台
為了響應公司需求,打造出更安全的mysql叢集,能夠實現mysql故障後切換,研究了幾天終於有了成果,一起分享一下。
首先介紹一下這套叢集方案實現的功能
1、mysql伺服器故障後自動轉移,修好後自動切回
2、mysql服務故障自動轉移,修好後自動切回
3、可以實現在幾秒鐘內轉移
以下內容均是實驗環境,請根據實際情況修改響應參數
實驗環境:
mysql1 ip:10.1.1.20
mysql2 ip:10.1.1.21
mysql vip:10.1.1.25
三台機器均安裝centos 6.5 32位(虛擬機器環境)
實驗開始!!!
一、安裝mysql,並打造主主同步。
相信主從同步大家都會做,一樣的道理,主主同步就是兩台機器互為主的關係,在任何一台機器上寫入都會同步。
安裝mysql的過程不解釋,yum就好啦
配置主主同步
1.配置 /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysql# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links=0log-bin=binlog #開啟binlog功能log-bin-index=binlog.indexsync_binlog=0server_id = 1 #兩台機器不能重複,一個1 一個2 就好[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/log/mysqld.logpid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2.分別在兩台機器上配置同步帳號
10.1.1.20機器上:[[email protected] ~]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ toclear the buffer. mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO‘ab‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
10.1.1.21機器上:[[email protected] ~]# mysqlWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.0.77-log Sourcedistribution Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ toclear the buffer. mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO‘ab‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
注:由於本文是實驗環境下編寫,所以沒考慮任何安全性問題,同步帳號也是最高許可權,請根據實際情況設定響應許可權!!
3.設定同步
10.1.1.20機器上:mysql> flush tables with read lock;mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| binlog.000003 | 365 | | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)mysql> unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) 10.1.1.21機器上:mysql> change master tomaster_host=‘10.1.1.20‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘ab‘,master_password=‘123‘, master_log_file=‘binlog.000003‘,master_log_pos=365;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status \G #執行這命令後 注意觀察下面這兩個參數,必須要都是yes才行Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
同樣的 反過來做相同操作
10.1.1.21機器上:mysql> flush tables with read lock;mysql> show master status;+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| binlog.000004 | 207 | | |+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)mysql> unlock tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) 10.1.1.20機器上:mysql> change master tomaster_host=‘10.1.1.21‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘ab‘,master_password=‘123‘, master_log_file=‘binlog.000004‘,master_log_pos=207;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status \G #執行這命令後 注意觀察下面這兩個參數,必須要都是yes才行Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes
介此,主主同步打造完成,可以簡單測試一下,分別在兩個機器上寫資料 看看會不會同步到另一台機器上
PS:如果報錯 Slave_IO_Running: NO 可以檢查同步的帳號是否建立正常!
二、安裝keepalived 並設定監控
keepalived是安裝在兩台MySQL伺服器上的
首先安裝keepalived 過程不解釋就正常解壓安裝就好
安裝後配置 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 內容如下
10.1.1.20的設定檔
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state backup #兩台配置此處均是BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 #優先順序,另一台改為90 advert_int 1 nopreempt #不搶佔,只在優先順序高的機器上設定即可,優先順序低的機器不設定 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.1.25 }}virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 #會話保持時間 protocol TCPreal_server 10.1.1.20 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh #檢測到mysql服務掛了就執行這個指令碼(指令碼要自己寫哈) TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 #連線逾時時間 nb_get_retry 3 #重連次數 delay_before_retry 3 #重連間隔時間 connect_port 3306 #健全狀態檢查連接埠 } }}
10.1.1.21 的設定檔
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] } notification_email_from [email protected] smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state backup interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.1.1.25 }}virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCPreal_server 10.1.1.21 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 3306 } }}
編寫監控mysql服務是否掛了的指令碼,按照上面設定檔的位置編寫指令碼。
vim /tmp/nimei.sh
#!/bin/sh pkill keepalived
指令碼很簡單啊 就一句,目的是當keepalived檢測到mysql服務掛了之後觸發這個指令碼,殺死keepalived進程,讓另一台機器接管
好 修改後啟動keeplived服務
介此整個叢集搭建完成
三、測試
找一台機器用虛擬ip串連mysql
[[email protected] html]# mysql -uab -h 10.1.1.25 -p123Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 736Server version: 5.1.66-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql>
這樣成功連上了,然後你可以任意關閉某台機器,或者某台機器的mysql服務,看看還能不能連上!!
謝謝!!
mysql主主複製+keepalived 打造高可用mysql叢集