MySQL 設定資料表編碼

     MySQL 4.1的字元集支援(Character Set Support)有兩個方面：字元集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。對於字元集的支援細化到四個層次: 伺服器(server)，資料庫(database)，資料表(table)和串連(connection)。 

    查看系統的字元集和排序方式的設定可以通過下面的兩條命令或mysql> status 。 
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%'; 
+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 
| Variable_name | Value | 
+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 
| character_set_client | latin1 | 
| character_set_connection | latin1 | 
| character_set_database | latin1 | 
| character_set_results | latin1 | 
| character_set_server | latin1 | 
| character_set_system | utf8 | 
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 
+--------------------------+----------------------------+ 
7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%'; 
+----------------------+-------------------+ 
| Variable_name | Value | 
+----------------------+-------------------+ 
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | 
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | 
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | 
+----------------------+-------------------+ 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

     上面列出的值就是系統的預設值。(很奇怪系統怎麼預設是latin1的瑞典語排序方式)... 

      當我們按照原來的方式通過PHP存取MySQL資料庫時，就算設定了表的預設字元集為utf8並且通過UTF-8編碼發送查詢，你會發現存入資料庫的仍然是亂碼。問題就出在這個connection串連層上。解決方案是在發送查詢前執行一下下面這句： 

1.  SET NAMES 'utf8'; 

它相當於下面的三句指令： 
SET character_set_client = utf8; 
SET character_set_results = utf8; 
SET character_set_connection = utf8; 

2. 建立資料庫 
mysql> create database name character set utf8; 

3. 建立表
CREATE TABLE `type` ( 
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, 
`flag_deleted` enum('Y','N') character set utf8 NOT NULL default 'N', 
`flag_type` int(5) NOT NULL default '0', 
`type_name` varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL default '', 
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) 
)  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

4. 修改資料庫成utf8的.
mysql> alter database name character set utf8; 

5. 修改表預設用utf8.
mysql> alter table type character set utf8; 

6. 修改欄位用utf8
mysql> alter table type modify type_name varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8;