MySQL5.7 JSON類型使用介紹

來源:互聯網
上載者:User

MySQL5.7 JSON類型使用介紹

JSON是一種輕量級的資料交換格式,採用了獨立於語言的文字格式設定,類似XML,但是比XML簡單,易讀並且易編寫。對機器來說易於解析和產生,並且會減少網路頻寬的傳輸。

JSON的格式非常簡單:名稱/索引值。之前MySQL版本裡面要實現這樣的儲存,要麼用VARCHAR要麼用TEXT大文本。 MySQL5.7發布後,專門設計了JSON資料類型以及關於這種類型的檢索以及其他函數解析。 我們先看看MySQL老版本的JSON存取。

樣本表結構:

CREATE TABLE json_test(
id INT,
person_desc TEXT
)ENGINE INNODB;

我們來插入一條記錄:

INSERT INTO json_test VALUES (1,'{
    "programmers": [{
        "firstName": "Brett",
        "lastName": "McLaughlin",
        "email": "aaaa"
    }, {
        "firstName": "Jason",
        "lastName": "Hunter",
        "email": "bbbb"
    }, {
        "firstName": "Elliotte",
        "lastName": "Harold",
        "email": "cccc"
    }],
    "authors": [{
        "firstName": "Isaac",
        "lastName": "Asimov",
        "genre": "sciencefiction"
    }, {
        "firstName": "Tad",
        "lastName": "Williams",
        "genre": "fantasy"
    }, {
        "firstName": "Frank",
        "lastName": "Peretti",
        "genre": "christianfiction"
    }],
    "musicians": [{
        "firstName": "Eric",
        "lastName": "Clapton",
        "instrument": "guitar"
    }, {
        "firstName": "Sergei",
        "lastName": "Rachmaninoff",
        "instrument": "piano"
    }]
}');

那一般我們遇到這樣來儲存JSON格式的話,只能把這條記錄取出來交個應用程式,有應用程式來解析。
 
現在到了MySQL5.7,我們重新修改下表結構:

ALTER TABLE json_test MODIFY person_desc json;

 先看看插入的這行JSON資料有哪些KEY:

mysql> SELECT id,json_keys(person_desc) as "keys" FROM json_test\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  id: 1
keys: ["authors", "musicians", "programmers"]
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 我們可以看到,裡面有三個KEY,分別為authors,musicians,programmers。那現在找一個KEY把對應的值拿出來:

mysql> SELECT json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS 'name', AUTHORS FROM
    -> (
    -> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
    -> UNION ALL
    -> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[1][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
    -> UNION ALL
    -> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[2][0]') AS "authors" FROM json_test
    -> ) AS T1
    -> ORDER BY NAME DESC\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  name: "Williams"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "fantasy", "lastName": "Williams", "firstName": "Tad"}
*************************** 2. row ***************************
  name: "Peretti"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "christianfiction", "lastName": "Peretti", "firstName": "Frank"}
*************************** 3. row ***************************
  name: "Asimov"
AUTHORS: {"genre": "sciencefiction", "lastName": "Asimov", "firstName": "Isaac"}
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

現在來把詳細的值羅列出來:

mysql> SELECT
    -> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.firstName[0]') AS "firstname",
    -> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.lastName[0]') AS "lastname",
    -> json_extract(AUTHORS,'$.genre[0]') AS "genre"
    -> FROM
    -> (
    -> SELECT id,json_extract(person_desc,'$.authors[0]') AS "authors" FROM json
_test
    -> ) AS T\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
firstname: "Isaac"
 lastname: "Asimov"
    genre: "sciencefiction"
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我們進一步來示範把authors 這個KEY對應的所有對象刪掉。

mysql> UPDATE json_test
    -> SET person_desc = json_remove(person_desc,'$.authors')\G
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

尋找下對應的KEY,發現已經被刪除掉了。

mysql> SELECT json_contains_path(person_desc,'all','$.authors') as authors_exist
s FROM json_test\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
authors_exists: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

總結下, 雖然MySQL5.7 開始支援JSON資料類型,但是我建議如果要使用的話,最好是把這樣的值取出來,然後在應用程式段來計算,畢竟資料庫是用來處理簡單資料的。

本文永久更新連結地址:

相關文章

A Free Trial That Lets You Build Big!

Start building with 50+ products and up to 12 months usage for Elastic Compute Service

  • Sales Support

    1 on 1 presale consultation

  • After-Sales Support

    24/7 Technical Support 6 Free Tickets per Quarter Faster Response

  • Alibaba Cloud offers highly flexible support services tailored to meet your exact needs.