Linux下Nginx+Django+uWsgi+MySQL多網站虛擬環境搭建

環境說明

Linux : rhel 5.3
nginx：nginx-1.6.2
python：2.7.9
django： 1.6.7
uwsgi： 2.0.10

注意，要預先裝好編譯環境必備的開發包及libxml2,python-devel,pcre-devel,mysql-devel

2.     軟體下載地址

nginx     http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
Python     https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tgz
Virtualenv     https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/v/virtualenv/virtualenv-12.0.7.tar.gz#md5=e08796f79d112f3bfa6653cc10840114
Django     https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.6.7/tarball
uwsgi     http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-2.0.10.tar.gz
MySQL-python  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MySQL-python/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip#md5=654f75b302db6ed8dc5a898c625e030c

3.     軟體安裝

安裝nginx

# yum install pcre-devel gcc openssl-devel –y
# cd /usr/local/src/django-env
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.6.2
# sed -i -e 's/1.6.2//g' -e 's/nginx\//WS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"WS"/g' src/core/nginx.h
# useradd webadmin
# ./configure --user=webadmin --group=webadmin --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
# make && make install

安裝python

# cd /usr/local/src/django-env
# tar -zxvf Python-2.7.9.tgz
# cd Python-2.7.9
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7
# make && make install

安裝virtualenv

# cd /usr/local/src/django-env
# tar –zxvf virtualenv-12.0.7.tar.gz
# cd virtualenv-12.0.7
# /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python setup.py install

構建虛擬環境

# cd /usr/local/python2.7/bin
# ./virtualenv /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools
New python executable in /home/webadmin/tools/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.

進入並查看虛擬環境

進入虛擬環境在虛擬環境(長首碼的都表示在虛擬環境中的操作)，預設會安裝好easy_install這類工具

# source /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools/bin/activate  (退出執行命令 deactivate)
(tools)[root@tools bin]#
(tools)[root@tools bin]# python -V
Python 2.7.9

安裝Django-1.5.4

(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# tar -zxvf Django-1.5.4.tar.gz
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd Django-1.6.7
(tools)[root@tools Django-1.6.7]# python setup.py install

安裝uwsgi

(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# tar -zxvf uwsgi-2.0.10.tar.gz
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd uwsgi-2.0.10
(tools)[root@tools uwsgi-2.0.10]# python uwsgiconfig.py --build
(tools)[root@tools uwsgi-2.0.10]# python setup.py install

安裝mysql-python

(tools)[root@tools ~]# cd /usr/local/src/django-env/
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# unzip MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip
(tools)[root@tools django-env]# cd MySQL-python-1.2.5
(tools)[root@tools MySQL-python-1.2.5]# python setup.py install

注意事項：

如果系統沒有安裝mysql-devel包，在安裝MySQL-python的時候會報如下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 16, in <module>
metadata, options = get_config()
File "/root/lzh/MySQL-python-1.2.2/setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
File "/root/lzh/MySQL-python-1.2.2/setup_posix.py", line 24, in mysql_config
raise EnvironmentError, "%s not found" % mysql_config.path
EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

4.     軟體配置

配置django項目

部署代碼

(tools)[root@tools ~]# mkdir /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/ -p
(tools)[root@tools tools]# unzip tools.zip
(tools)[root@tools tools]# ls
dmc  logs  manage.py  plugins  src  static  templates  tools  tools.zip

在tools的項目設定檔目錄（即setting.py所在目錄），檢查檔案wsgi.py

(tools)[root@tools tools]# cd tools
(tools)[root@tools tools]# cat wsgi.py
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "tools.settings")
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

同級目錄下，建立uwsgi的啟動參數的xml檔案(wsgi.xml)

<uwsgi>
<socket>127.0.0.1:9090</socket>
<listen>20</listen>
<master>true</master>
<pidfile>/home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid</pidfile>
<processes>4</processes>
<module>wsgi</module>#就是上面那個wsgi.py檔案
<pythonpath>/home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools</pythonpath>

#建立項目的路徑(此項需要注意，在虛擬環境中需要配置到wsgi所在目錄；在非虛擬環境中，只需要配置到項目目錄即可)

<profiler>true</profiler>
<memory-report>true</memory-report>
<enable-threads>true</enable-threads>
<logdate>true</logdate>
<limit-as>6048</limit-as>
<daemonize>/home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/tools.log</daemonize>
</uwsgi>

配置nginx

location /{
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
}
#靜態檔案的處理(如果django中有處理靜態檔案的了，就可以不要這個了；一般建議將靜態檔案交給nginx處理好些)
location /static/ {
alias /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/static/;
expires 30d;
break;
}
#配置django admin需要的檔案
location ~* ^/media/(css|img|js)/.*$ {
root /usr/local/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin;
expires 30d;
break;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(mpg|avi|mp3|swf|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|rtf|mpeg)$ {
access_log off;
break;
}
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|bmp|js)$ {
expires 30d;
break;
}

檢查和修正目錄許可權

(tools)[root@tools webadmin]# chown webadmin:webadmin /home/webadmin/ -R

5.     啟動服務

(tools)[webadmin@tools ~]$ uwsgi -x /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools/wsgi.xml
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin

6.     多網站部署

重複從構建虛擬環境開始的步驟~然後在虛擬環境中安裝好要啟動並執行實際環境，並啟動服務即可
配置nginx的虛擬機器主機即可
7.     故障檢查思路
查看的日誌包括（nginx日誌[Nginx設定檔中定義]，uwsgi日誌[xml檔案中定義]）
查看uwsgi日誌的主要原因是看uwsgi是否正常接管了nginx下發的請求任務
uwsgi日誌可查看django執行錯誤資訊，也可在開發中通過print 列印調試
nginx錯誤記錄檔/訪問日誌查看
兩種日誌區別在於，前者針對代碼程式級的錯誤，後者針對網路訪問級的錯誤
8.     一些建議

有時候使用killall uwsgi時不能將uwsgi幹掉，你可以uwsgi -s reload的方式重啟uwsgi或kill -HUP cat /pathto/uwsgi.pid
uWSG設定檔的進程數，可以根據實際情況分配。不要開得太大，否則機器可能會記憶體耗用太高。一般來說，對於一個小社區來說，4個進程已經足夠了。
一般情況下，可以編寫一下 stop.sh 指令碼 來關閉uWSGI。
有了uWSGI為什麼還需要nginx？nginx具備優秀的靜態內容處理能力，然後將動態內容轉寄給uWSGI伺服器，這樣可以達到很好的用戶端響應。
9.     注意事項
日誌裡面報類似於“Mon Mar 23 10:26:49 2015 – — no python application found, check your startup logs for errors —”這類錯誤時，需要好好檢查一下xml檔案
這個檔案裡面行尾不能有空格，參數左右也不能有空格，這個問題坑了我一晚上！！！
日誌裡面報類似於”ImportError: No module named wsgi”這類錯誤，需要檢查一下你的xml檔案的pythonpath選項
在虛擬環境下，需要配置到uwsgi所在目錄（非虛擬環境下，只需要配置到項目所在路徑即可）
10.     備忘

啟動時，正常的日誌：
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – *** Starting uWSGI 2.0.10 (64bit) on [Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015] ***
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – compiled with version: 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44) on 22 March 2015 22:08:54
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – os: Linux-2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:39 EDT 2010
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – nodename: tools.cyou.com
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – machine: x86_64
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – clock source: unix
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – pcre jit disabled
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – detected number of CPU cores: 16
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – current working directory: /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – writing pidfile to /home/webadmin/logs/tools/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – detected binary path: /home/webadmin/virtualenv/tools/bin/uwsgi
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – your processes number limit is 268288
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – limiting address space of processes…
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – your process address space limit is 6341787648 bytes (6048 MB)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – your memory page size is 4096 bytes
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – detected max file descriptor number: 1024
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with –thunder-lock)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:9090 fd 3
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – Python version: 2.7.9 (default, Mar 23 2015, 10:40:10)  [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44)]
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – Python main interpreter initialized at 0x161c5580
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – python threads support enabled
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – your server socket listen backlog is limited to 20 connections
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – mapped 363840 bytes (355 KB) for 4 cores
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – *** Operational MODE: preforking ***
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – added /home/webadmin/djangoproj/tools/tools/ to pythonpath.
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – WSGI app 0 (mountpoint=”) ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x161c5580 pid: 24588 (default app)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – *** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – spawned uWSGI master process (pid: 24588)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – spawned uWSGI worker 1 (pid: 24599, cores: 1)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – spawned uWSGI worker 2 (pid: 24600, cores: 1)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – spawned uWSGI worker 3 (pid: 24601, cores: 1)
Mon Mar 23 10:59:20 2015 – spawned uWSGI worker 4 (pid: 24602, cores: 1)