標籤：style 使用 資料 os art 問題
1.splint
splint是一個開源的靜態代碼檢查工具，使用方法如下：
待檢測的程式程式如下：
#include <stdio.h>static void display(int i){printf("i = %d\n",i);}int main(void){int i,j;i = 1;i = i + 1;display(i);return 0;}調試如下：
$ splint main.c
Splint 3.1.2 --- 03 May 2009
main.c: (in function main)
main.c:10:8: Variable j declared but not used
A variable is declared but never used. Use /*@[email protected]*/ in front of
declaration to suppress message. (Use -varuse to inhibit warning)
Finished checking --- 1 code warning
提示定義了一個變數j但是從來沒有使用過。
將j定義去掉後，再進行檢測：
$ splint main.c
Splint 3.1.2 --- 03 May 2009
Finished checking --- no warnings
splint有一大推flag可以使用，使用時標誌前加’+‘或’-’，‘+‘標誌開啟這個標誌，‘-‘表示關閉此標誌。
下列語句用於檢查程式中資料的越界問題。
splint +bounds main.c
2.stracestrace常用來跟蹤進程執行時的系統調用和所接收的訊號。對上面的程式進行追蹤測試：$ strace ./a.out
execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(0) = 0x1033000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa550000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=77020, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 77020, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f64fa53d000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\200\30\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1815224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3929304, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f64f9f70000
mprotect(0x7f64fa125000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f64fa325000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b5000) = 0x7f64fa325000
mmap(0x7f64fa32b000, 17624, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa32b000
close(3) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa53c000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa53b000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa53a000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f64fa53b700) = 0
mprotect(0x7f64fa325000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x600000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f64fa552000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f64fa53d000, 77020) = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 0), ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f64fa54f000
write(1, "i = 2\n", 6i = 2
) = 6
exit_group(0) = ?
3.ltraceltrace用來跟蹤進程調用庫函數的情況。
對上面的程式進行追蹤測試：
$ ltrace ./a.out
__libc_start_main(0x400518, 1, 0x7ffff364a1a8, 0x400550, 0x4005e0 <unfinished ...>
printf("i = %d\n", 2i = 2
) = 6
+++ exited (status 0) +++
