linux下Oracle自動啟動與停止（一）

1. 修改Oracle系統設定檔/etc/oratab
   /etc/oratab 格式為： SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
   把AUTO網域設定為Y(大寫)，只有這樣，oracle 內建的dbstart和dbshut才能夠發揮作用。我的為：
   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:Y
   這兒的ORACLE_SID和ORACLE_HOME是oracle使用者下的環境變數,在不同的電腦上有不同的值.當你開啟/etc/oratab的時候,修改一下就行了.
2. 編寫服務指令碼
   在/etc/rc.d/init.d目錄下建立oracle檔案作為啟動指令碼,內容如下:
   #!/bin/sh
   #
   # /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
   # 解說∶啟動及停止 Oracle 資料庫和監聽程式
   # 檢查如何執行指令檔
   case "$1" in
     start)
           echo -n "Starting Oracle Databases: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo -n "Starting Oracle Listeners: "
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
           #su - oracle  "sqlplus /nolog" <
           #connect /as sysdba
           #startup
           #exit
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           ;;
     stop)
           echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Databases: "
           su - ora -c dbshut >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           ;;
     restart)
           echo -n "Restarting Oracle Databases: "
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstop >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo -n "Restarting Oracle Listeners: "
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
           su - ora -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "Done."
           echo ""
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
           echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
           touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
           ;;
     *)
           echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
           exit 1
   esac
   在oracle使用者下輸入如上的內容,然後儲存退出,由於是啟動指令碼,需要執行許可權;執行命令chmod a+x oracle授予oracle執行許可權.
3. 建立服務串連
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle
   ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle
4. 測試
   運行./oracle start 命令,看是否能啟動資料庫,如果不能,查看日誌,尋找原因
   我在執行得時候遇到了如下得錯誤資訊
   Can't find init file for Database "linuxdb".
   Database "linuxdb" NOT started.
   通過查看${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbstart中的指令碼,根據錯誤資訊尋找到語句,得知系統中缺少
   ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora設定檔
   解決辦法
   sqlplus "/as sysdba"
   create pfile from spfile;
   然後再執行就成功了.

   重新啟動linux主機,看資料庫是否自動啟動了.
   另外也可以通過別的方式啟動,系統在啟動的時候會遍曆/etc/profile.d目錄,把所有的.sh檔案都執行一遍.
   也可以通過修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local或/etc/rc.d/rc檔案來達到開機啟動程式的目的,但是局限是不能指定啟動使用者.
   如果在unix下,啟動指令碼應該建立在/sbin/init.d下,然後在/sbin/rc0~6.d下面建立串連;