oracle課堂隨筆----第二十三天

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RMAN 配置

 

 

$ rman target / 或rman target sys/[email protected]

RMAN> show all; 所有備份相關設定

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP On;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;  備份資料表空間使用者

RMAN> list backup;  查看列表

SQL> desc v$backup_set 瀏覽器中也可以查看

 

自動通道管理：

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

$ mkdir /home/oracle/disk1 /home/oracle/disk2

RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;

RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

恢複預設

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 device type disk clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 device type disk clear;

 

手動通道管理：

RMAN> run {

allocate channel c1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;

allocate channel c2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;

backup tablespace users, example;

或

backup (tablespace users channel c1)(tablespace example channel c2);

}

 

backup section size 500M datafile 1;

 

指定備份格式：

RMAN> backup tablespace users; 備份組 bs

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset tablespace users;壓縮備份組

RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users;鏡像備份

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

RMAN> list copy of tablespace users;

 

備份的加密：

RMAN 備份

不歸檔 歸檔

online offline online offline

完全  部分 完全  部分                完全  部分  完全  部分

 

shutdown nomount mount open

 

備份資料檔案：

SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;

RMAN> backup datafile 4;

RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;

RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;（邏輯）

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

RMAN> backup database;

RMAN> list backup;

desc v$backup_set，瀏覽器查看備份

 

增量備份：備份資料的變化

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t2 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

開啟塊跟蹤：

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file ‘/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg‘;

需要重新串連會話

SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t3 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> alter database disable block change tracking; 關閉

 

累加式更新：

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次建立的是0級備份

RMAN> list copy; 記錄time和scn

SQL> insert into t1 values (2);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次建立的是1級備份

RMAN> list backup; backupset格式

RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;

RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新

指令碼形式：

RMAN> run {

backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;

recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;

}

 

備份歸檔日誌：

RMAN> list archivelog all;

RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;

RMAN> list archivelog all;

RMAN> list backup;

 

備份的維護：

查看：

RMAN> list backup;備份組

RMAN> list copy;鏡像拷貝

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;資料表空間對應資料檔案

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

RMAN> list archivelog all;歸檔日誌

檢查備份：

RMAN> delete backup; 刪除備份

RMAN> delete copy;

RMAN> list backup; list copy;

RMAN> report need backup; 根據策略檢查

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;

RMAN> report obsolete;  冗餘>1

 

刪除備份：

RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;

RMAN> delete backupset 1234;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> show all;

RMAN> delete obsolete;

crosscheck: 交叉檢查

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名

RMAN> restore datafile 4; 報錯

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 報廢狀態

RMAN> list expired backup;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢複原名

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用狀態

RMAN> delete expired backup;刪除報廢狀態

catalog:

$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 複製

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> list backup; backupset消失

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢複原名

RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;   快速恢複區

RMAN> list backup; backupset恢複

oracle課堂隨筆----第二十三天