ORACLE HANDBOOK系列之十二:進階隊列(Advanced Queuing)

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Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) is a robust and feature-rich message queuing system integrated with Oracle Database. When an organization has different systems that must communicate with each other, a messaging environment can provide a standard, reliable way to transport critical information between these systems. AQ is implemented in database tables.

Oracle AQ是Oracle資料庫中整合的一種訊息佇列機制,可以用於不同應用程式間的訊息互動,例如PL/SQL可以通過相應的Package訪問隊列、C#應該程式可以通過ODP.NET訪問隊列、Java應用程式則可以通過OJMS訪問隊列。AQ內部是通過資料庫表實現的(即訊息實際上是儲存在資料庫表中)。

隨筆展示了PL/SQL中使用AQ的基本用法,希望對各位有協助。樣本假設了一個情境:A是一個被頻繁調用的預存程序,每次調用A之前需要調用過程B,B消耗大量的時間,假設A的執行並不依賴於B的執行結果,我們可以把調用B的上下文先存入AQ中,而後非同步地進行處理,從而減小了B對應用程式效能的影響。

1.    建立AQ所需要的許可權

GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_AQ TO user1;
GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_AQADM TO user1;
BEGIN
DBMS_AQADM.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE('ENQUEUE_ANY', 'user1', FALSE);
DBMS_AQADM.GRANT_SYSTEM_PRIVILEGE('DEQUEUE_ANY', 'user1', FALSE);
END;

需要使用sys或system使用者發起這些授權語句,欲建立及管理AQ,需要獲得兩個至關重要的包dbms_aq, dbms_aqadm的執行許可權。後兩個通過grant_system_privilege進行的授權是可選的,它們表示的是:

ENQUEUE_ANY means users granted this privilege are allowed to enqueue messages to any queues in the database. DEQUEUE_ANY means users granted this privilege are allowed to dequeue messages from any queues in the database.

2.    建立一個payload類型

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE t_spl_queue_payload AS OBJECT
(
ID CHAR(36),
EXEC_DATE TIMESTAMP(6),
PARAMETER1 NUMBER,
PARAMETER2 VARCHAR2(500),
FLAG CHAR(1)
);

通常我們會定義一個對象,用於儲存將來需要放置在AQ隊列中的資訊。

3.    建立AQ相關表

BEGIN
DBMS_AQADM.CREATE_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table => 'user1. Spl_queue_table',
multiple_consumers => TRUE,
queue_payload_type => 'user1.t_spl_queue_payload');
END;

執行的結果是產生了表Spl_queue_table,以及若干個aq$_ spl_queue_table_表。表Spl_queue_table中除了AQ隊列自身需要的一些欄位外,有一個類型為t_spl_queue_payload的USER_DATA欄位,用於儲存隊列訊息,這也印證了上面說的:AQ內部是通過資料庫表實現的。

4.    建立及啟動AQ

BEGIN
DBMS_AQADM.CREATE_QUEUE(queue_name => 'user1.spl_aq',
queue_table => 'user1.spl_queue_table');
END;
--
BEGIN
DBMS_AQADM.START_QUEUE(queue_name => 'user1.spl_aq');
END;

如何停止及刪除AQ:

BEGIN
DBMS_AQADM.STOP_QUEUE (queue_name => 'user1.spl_aq');
DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE (queue_name => 'user1.spl_aq');
DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE (queue_table => 'user1.spl_queue_table');
END;

5.    訊息的入隊

PROCEDURE enqueue(p_payload IN t_spl_queue_payload) IS
--PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
enqueue_options dbms_aq.enqueue_options_t;
message_properties dbms_aq.message_properties_t;
message_handle RAW(16);
recipients DBMS_AQ.aq$_recipient_list_t;
BEGIN
recipients(1) := sys.aq$_agent('someguy', 'user1.SPL_AQ', NULL);
message_properties.recipient_list := recipients;
message_properties.priority := -5;
message_properties.delay := dbms_aq.no_delay;
message_properties.expiration := dbms_aq.never;
--enqueue_options.visibility := dbms_aq.on_commit;
enqueue_options.visibility := dbms_aq.immediate;
enqueue_options.sequence_deviation := null;

dbms_aq.enqueue(queue_name => 'user1.SPL_AQ',
enqueue_options => enqueue_options,
message_properties => message_properties,
payload => p_payload,
msgid => message_handle);

--COMMIT;
END enqueue;

(1) recipient,其中“someguy”指定的是訊息的接收者,出隊時你需要指定一樣的名字才能接收到訊息。(2)visibility,可以是on_commit或者immediate,如果使用on_commit,需要手工調用commit語句之後訊息才進入隊列(這種情況下,最好使用自治事務);如果使用immediate,則dbms_aq.enqueue完成時訊息就進入隊列,不需commit,並且預設使用自治事務。

6.    訊息的出隊

PROCEDURE dequeue IS
l_payload t_spl_queue_payload;
l_queue_record NUMBER;
dequeue_options dbms_aq.dequeue_options_t;
message_properties dbms_aq.message_properties_t;
message_handle RAW(16);
BEGIN
dequeue_options.consumer_name := 'someguy';
dequeue_options.dequeue_mode := dbms_aq.remove;
dequeue_options.navigation := dbms_aq.next_message;
dequeue_options.visibility := dbms_aq.immediate;
--dequeue_options.wait := dbms_aq.forever;
dequeue_options.wait := dbms_aq.no_wait;
dequeue_options.msgid := null;
--
SELECT COUNT(*)
INTO l_queue_record
FROM AQ$SPL_QUEUE_TABLE
WHERE msg_state = 'READY';
--
FOR i IN 1 .. l_queue_record LOOP
dbms_aq.dequeue(queue_name => 'user1.SPL_AQ',
dequeue_options => dequeue_options,
message_properties => message_properties,
payload => l_payload,
msgid => message_handle);
--
/*……………………………………….
some time consuming calculation
………………………………………….*/
END LOOP;
END;

(1) consumer_name需要和前面在入隊時指定的recipient一致。(2)wait的兩個值forever和no_wait是指如果當前隊列中無訊息時,是否進行等待,預設等待。(3) navigation的兩個值first_message和next_message,一般出於效能考慮我們使用後者,或者在第一次出隊時使用前者而在隨後的出隊中使用後者:

The FIRST_MESSAGE navigation option performs a SELECT on the queue. The NEXT_ MESSAGE navigation option fetches from the results of the SELECT run in the FIRST_ MESSAGE navigation. Thus performance is optimized because subsequent dequeues need not run the entire SELECT again.

 

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