Oracle Linux 5.5 (64bit)安裝Oracle 11g R2 RAC圖文超詳細教程
1.安裝前的準備:
作業系統:Oracle Linux 5.5 64bit
叢集軟體:GI 11.2.0.1
資料庫:database rdbms 11.2.0.1
2.資源準備:
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
openfiler
3.作業系統安裝:
DNS server:domain name
db server:rac1 rac2
storage server:openfiler
4.IP地址規劃:
DNS server:192.168.192.168
db node1:192.168.192.169 public
192.168.192.171 VIP
10.0.0.1 private
db node2:192.168.192.170 public
192.168.192.172 VIP
10.0.0.2 private
scan: 192.168.192.173
192.168.192.174
192.168.192.175
5.我們先配置DNS,DNS是什麼我就不多說了,這裡主要的作用在於引入一個新的特性,11g R2後引入SCAN IP的概念,就是在用戶端和資料庫之間增加一層虛擬網路服務層,即是SCAN IP和SCAP IP Listener。在用戶端的tnsnames.ora設定檔中,只需要配置SCAN IP的配置資訊即可,用戶端通過SCAN IP、SCAN IP Listener來訪問資料庫。同之前各版本的RAC相比,使用SCAN IP的好處就是,當後台RAC資料庫添加、刪除節點時,用戶端配置資訊無需修改。可以通過配置DNS伺服器或GNS來配置SCAN,我們這裡以DNS為例來進行配置。
6.安裝DNS伺服器
# rpm -ivh bind-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh bind-chroot-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh caching-nameserver-9.3.6-4.P1.el5_4.2.x86_64.rpm
配置主地區
//
// named.caching-nameserver.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package to configure the
// ISC BIND named(8) DNS server as a caching only nameserver
// (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - use system-config-bind or an editor
// to create named.conf - edits to this file will be lost on
// caching-nameserver package upgrade.
//
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };
allow-query-cache { any; };
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
view localhost_resolver {
match-clients { any; };
match-destinations { any; };
recursion yes;
include "/etc/named.zones";
};
配置Zone檔案,修改/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones檔案
添加如下:
zone "192.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
allow-update { none; };
};
再配置DNS正反向解析檔案
/var/named/chroot/var/named 目錄下
vi localdomain.zone ,配置為
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost root (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS localhost
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
scan-cluster IN A 192.168.192.173(這裡是配置scan-ip)
vi 192.168.168.in-addr-arpa(這個自己產生一個就行)
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS localhost.
1 IN PTR localhost.
173 IN PTR scan-cluster.localdomain.(這裡配置san IP)
啟動DNS服務
[root@dns named]# /etc/init.d/named status
number of zones: 1
debug level: 0
xfers running: 0
xfers deferred: 0
soa queries in progress: 0
query logging is OFF
recursive clients: 0/1000
tcp clients: 0/100
server is up and running
named (pid 18907) is running..
再對rac的兩個節點分別修改/etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain
nameserver 192.168.192.168
我們完成DNS的配置了!!!!
7.配置hosts檔案在兩個節點上配置
[root@rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.192.169 rac1.xupeng.com rac1
192.168.192.170 rac2.xupeng.com rac2
10.0.0.1 rac1-priv.xupeng.com rac1-priv
10.0.0.2 rac2-priv.xupeng.com rac2-priv
192.168.192.171 rac1-vip.xupeng.com rac1-vip
192.168.192.172 rac2-vip.xupeng.com rac2-vip
8.安裝oracle 11g所需要的環境包
這個看你自己怎麼裝了,有的人選擇全包安裝(在裝作業系統的時候),有的喜歡手動安裝oracle 需要的包,這個就無所謂了,我這裡用YUM源,哈哈。。。。
此操作在兩個節點上進行
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo
[Oracle]
name=OEL-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio-devel libstdc++-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
9.參數配置
以下操作需在兩個節點上進行配置
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使核心參數生效,sysctl -p 這些配置都和安裝單一實例是一樣的
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
[root@rac1 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
10.添加使用者和組以及oracle、grid使用者ssh的對等性
以下操作需要兩個節點同樣進行
groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
groupadd -g 1300 dba
groupadd -g 1301 oper
groupadd -g 1201 asmdba
groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin
groupadd -g 1202 asmoper
useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
passwd grid
useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
passwd oracle
設定互信關係,這裡記住oracle和grid使用者都要設定互信
su - grid
mkdir ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-keygen -t dsa
以下操作在一個節點上執行即可
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>./.ssh/authorized_keys --公開金鑰存在authorized_keys檔案中,寫到本機
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>./.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys --第二個節點的公開金鑰寫到本機
ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys secdb2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
兩個節點上分別驗證
ssh rac1 date
ssh rac2 date
ssh rac1-priv date
ssh rac2-priv date
11.建立目錄和授權
以下操作需要在兩個節點同樣進行
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01
12.環境變數
如下操作也需要在兩個節點上同樣進行,這裡需要注意的是grid使用者的SID和oracle使用者的SID,是不一樣的,這裡大家明白原理的話就不會出錯
[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ less .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java;export JAVA_HOME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH
ORACLE_TERM=xterm;export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
umask 022
[grid@rac1 ~]$ su - oracle
Password:
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ less .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
ORACLE_SID=test1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=test; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
umask 022
13.openfiler來劃分儲存空間
這個軟體挺好用的,在vmware環境下安裝,其實就是個linux系統,我們建立vmdisk就行了。配置登陸一個網頁https://ip:446
我這裡已經劃分好了,看圖就行了,至於openfiler的配置大家應該可以自學一下,非常簡單屬於看圖點滑鼠的那種,英文稍微好點的同學能搞定
14.分別在兩個rac節點上配置ISCSI
[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
[root@rac1 ~]# service iscsid start
[root@rac1 ~]# chkconfig iscsid on
[root@rac1 ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.192.111
添加iscsi磁碟:
[root@rac1 ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.4849d1d582bc -p 192.168.192.111 –l
以下操作rac其中一個節點進行:
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 以此類推我這裡需要格式化3個磁碟!!!
完成後我們查看一下,通過fdisk -l
[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 25 200781 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 26 547 4192965 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 548 3916 27061492+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
66 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1008 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4092 * 512 = 2095104 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 10 1008 2043954 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
66 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1008 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4092 * 512 = 2095104 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 10 1008 2043954 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 8556 MB, 8556380160 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 8160 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 10 8160 8346624 83 Linux
到另一個節點上
輸入partprobe即可,查看fdisk -l和其它節點的一致!!
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