標籤:evel 查詢 value 有一個 版本 字串 範圍 分組 建立表
多行轉字串
這個比較簡單,用||或concat函數可以實現
SQL Code
select concat(id,username) str from app_user
select id||username str from app_user
字串轉多列
實際上就是拆分字串的問題,可以使用 substr、instr、regexp_substr函數方式
字串轉多行
使用union all函數等方式
wm_concat函數
首先讓我們來看看這個神奇的函數wm_concat(列名),該函數可以把列值以","號分隔起來,並顯示成一行,接下來上例子,看看這個神奇的函數如何應用準備測試資料
SQL Code
create table test(id number,name varchar2(20));
insert into test values(1,‘a‘);
insert into test values(1,‘b‘);
insert into test values(1,‘c‘);
insert into test values(2,‘d‘);
insert into test values(2,‘e‘);
效果1 : 行轉列 ,預設逗號隔開
SQL Code
select wm_concat(name) name from test;
效果2: 把結果裡的逗號替換成"|"
SQL Code
select replace(wm_concat(name),‘,‘,‘|‘) from test;
效果3: 按ID分組合并name
SQL Code
select id,wm_concat(name) name from test group by id;
sql語句等同於下面的sql語句:
SQL Code
-------- 適用範圍:8i,9i,10g及以後版本 ( MAX + DECODE )
select id,
max(decode(rn, 1, name, null)) ||
max(decode(rn, 2, ‘,‘ || name, null)) ||
max(decode(rn, 3, ‘,‘ || name, null)) str
from (select id,
name,
row_number() over(partition by id order by name) as rn
from test) t
group by id
order by 1;
-------- 適用範圍:8i,9i,10g及以後版本 ( ROW_NUMBER + LEAD )
select id, str
from (select id,
row_number() over(partition by id order by name) as rn,
name || lead(‘,‘ || name, 1) over(partition by id order by name) ||
lead(‘,‘ || name, 2) over(partition by id order by name) ||
lead(‘,‘ || name, 3) over(partition by id order by name) as str
from test)
where rn = 1
order by 1;
-------- 適用範圍:10g及以後版本 ( MODEL )
select id, substr(str, 2) str
from test model return updated rows partition by(id) dimension by(row_number()
over(partition by id order by name) as rn) measures(cast(name as varchar2(20)) as str)
rules upsert iterate(3) until(presentv(str [ iteration_number + 2 ], 1, 0) = 0)
(str [ 0 ] = str [ 0 ] || ‘,‘ || str [ iteration_number + 1 ])
order by 1;
-------- 適用範圍:8i,9i,10g及以後版本 ( MAX + DECODE )
select t.id id, max(substr(sys_connect_by_path(t.name, ‘,‘), 2)) str
from (select id, name, row_number() over(partition by id order by name) rn
from test) t
start with rn = 1
connect by rn = prior rn + 1
and id = prior id
group by t.id;
懶人擴充用法:
案例: 我要寫一個視圖,類似"create or replace view as select 欄位1,...欄位50 from tablename" ,基表有50多個欄位,要是靠手工寫太麻煩了,有沒有什麼簡便的方法? 當然有了,看我如果應用wm_concat來讓這個需求變簡單,假設我的APP_USER表中有(id,username,password,age)4個欄位。查詢結果如下
SQL Code
/** 這裡的表名預設區分大小寫 */
select ‘create or replace view as select ‘ || wm_concat(column_name) ||
‘ from APP_USER‘ sqlStr
from user_tab_columns
where table_name = ‘APP_USER‘;
利用系統資料表方式查詢
SQL Code
select * from user_tab_columns
Oracle 11g 行列互換 pivot 和 unpivot 說明
在Oracle 11g中,Oracle 又增加了2個查詢:pivot(行轉列) 和unpivot(列轉行)
參考:http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/7060306、http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/11g-pivot-101924-zhs.html
google 一下,網上有一篇比較詳細的文檔:http://www.oracle-developer.net/display.php?id=506
pivot 列轉行
測試資料 (id,類型名稱,銷售數量),案例:根據水果的類型查詢出一條資料顯示出每種類型的銷售數量。
SQL Code
create table demo(id int,name varchar(20),nums int); ---- 建立表
insert into demo values(1, ‘蘋果‘, 1000);
insert into demo values(2, ‘蘋果‘, 2000);
insert into demo values(3, ‘蘋果‘, 4000);
insert into demo values(4, ‘橘子‘, 5000);
insert into demo values(5, ‘橘子‘, 3000);
insert into demo values(6, ‘葡萄‘, 3500);
insert into demo values(7, ‘芒果‘, 4200);
insert into demo values(8, ‘芒果‘, 5500);
分組查詢 (當然這是不符合查詢一條資料的要求的)
SQL Code
select name, sum(nums) nums from demo group by name
行轉列查詢
SQL Code
select * from (select name, nums from demo) pivot (sum(nums) for name in (‘蘋果‘ 蘋果, ‘橘子‘, ‘葡萄‘, ‘芒果‘));
注意: pivot(彙總函式 for 列名 in(類型)) ,其中 in(‘‘) 中可以指定別名,in中還可以指定子查詢,比如 select distinct code from customers
當然也可以不使用pivot函數,等同於下列語句,只是代碼比較長,容易理解
SQL Code
select *
from (select sum(nums) 蘋果 from demo where name = ‘蘋果‘),
(select sum(nums) 橘子 from demo where name = ‘橘子‘),
(select sum(nums) 葡萄 from demo where name = ‘葡萄‘),
(select sum(nums) 芒果 from demo where name = ‘芒果‘);
unpivot 行轉列
顧名思義就是將多列轉換成1列中去
案例:現在有一個水果表,記錄了4個季度的銷售數量,現在要將每種水果的每個季度的銷售情況用多行資料展示。
建立表和資料
SQL Code
create table Fruit(id int,name varchar(20), Q1 int, Q2 int, Q3 int, Q4 int);
insert into Fruit values(1,‘蘋果‘,1000,2000,3300,5000);
insert into Fruit values(2,‘橘子‘,3000,3000,3200,1500);
insert into Fruit values(3,‘香蕉‘,2500,3500,2200,2500);
insert into Fruit values(4,‘葡萄‘,1500,2500,1200,3500);
select * from Fruit
列轉行查詢
SQL Code
select id , name, jidu, xiaoshou from Fruit unpivot (xiaoshou for jidu in (q1, q2, q3, q4) )
注意: unpivot沒有彙總函式,xiaoshou、jidu欄位也是臨時的變數
同樣不使用unpivot也可以實現同樣的效果,只是sql語句會很長,而且執行速度效率也沒有前者高
SQL Code
select id, name ,‘Q1‘ jidu, (select q1 from fruit where id=f.id) xiaoshou from Fruit f
union
select id, name ,‘Q2‘ jidu, (select q2 from fruit where id=f.id) xiaoshou from Fruit f
union
select id, name ,‘Q3‘ jidu, (select q3 from fruit where id=f.id) xiaoshou from Fruit f
union
select id, name ,‘Q4‘ jidu, (select q4 from fruit where id=f.id) xiaoshou from Fruit f
oracle行轉列,列轉行