1.用EXISTS代替DISTINCT,消除sort operation
2.如果在GROUP BY中過濾資料,在WHERE從句中指定條件比在HAVING從句中有更好的效能,因為在GROUP之前已經過濾掉資料,因此更少的行被匯總
3.UNION會對兩個SELECT語句的結果集執行一個SORT,並消除重複行,成本會昂貴,而UNION ALL則不會。因此如果應用能夠處理重複,或者確信沒有重複記錄,那麼考慮使用UNION ALL代替UNION
4.能不用UNION就不要用它
5.為了避免在一個SQL語句中混合使用LEFT JOIN和RIGHT JOIN產生混淆,應該使用一個一致的視野,例如外串連只使用FULL or LEFT OUTER JOIN,忽略掉RIGHT OUTER JOIN
例如:
Sql代碼
SELECT e.lname, j.function, d.name
FROM job j LEFT OUTER JOIN employee e ON e.job_id = j.job_id
RIGHT OUTER JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
SELECT e.lname, j.function, d.name
FROM job j LEFT OUTER JOIN employee e ON e.job_id = j.job_id
RIGHT OUTER JOIN department d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
應該轉換為:
Sql代碼
SELECT e.lname, j.function, d.name
FROM department d LEFT OUTER JOIN
(job j LEFT OUTER JOIN employee e
ON e.job_id = j.job_id)
ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
SELECT e.lname, j.function, d.name
FROM department d LEFT OUTER JOIN
(job j LEFT OUTER JOIN employee e
ON e.job_id = j.job_id)
ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;