Oracle442個應用情境-----------資料庫邏輯對象管理 應用情境,資料庫邏輯設計
應用情境128:建立暫存資料表
建立一個儲存臨時選擇商品資訊的暫存資料表temp_goods
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_goods
(GoodsId NUMBER,
GoodsNum NUMBER,
Price NUMBER)
ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
建立一個暫存資料表空間
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_t1
TEMPFILE 'tbs_t1.f' SIZE 50m REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON
MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 64K;
在資料表空間tb_t1中建立temp_goods1;
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE temp_goods1
(GoodsId NUMBER,
GoodsNum NUMBER,
Price NUMBER)
ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS
TABLESPACE tbs_t1;
應用情境129:查看錶資訊的系統檢視表
COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A10
COL DATA_TYPE FORMAT A10
SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, DATA_LENGTH, LAST_ANALYZED
FROM DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'EMPLOYEES';
應用情境130:在Enterprise Manager中修改表
應用情境131使用DESC語句查看錶結果
查看錶employee結果的語句如下:
DESC SYSTEM.Employee
使用情境132:使用ALTER TABLE語句向表中添加列
ALTER TABLE SYSTEM.Departments ADD (Description VARCHAR2(1000));
應用情境133:使用ALTER TABLE語句修改列名
ALTER TABLE SYSTEM.Departments
RENAME COLUMN Description TO Descript;
應用情境134:使用ALTER TABLE語句刪除隊列
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
RENAME COLUMN Description TO Descript;
應用情境136:建立和驗證主鍵約束
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments ADD (Description varchar2(1000));
DESC HRMAN.Departments;
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
SET UNUSED (Description);
DESC HRMAN.Departments;
刪除表中所有不可用列:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Departments
DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;
應用情境137:建立和驗證非空約束
建立表user2並指定username列和userpwd列為非空約束
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users2
(UserId NUMBER,
UserName VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
UserPwd VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT PK_USERID PRIMARY KEY(UserId)
);
將約束中的username列設定為 not null
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Users MODIFY UserName NOT NULL;
使用下面的語句可以將列設定為空白:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Users MODIFY UserName NULL;
向表user2中插入資料器username值為null:
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users2 (UserId, UserPwd) VALUES(1,'123456');
應用情境138:建立驗證唯一約束
在uername上建立唯一約束:
CREATE TABLE Users3
(UserId Number Primary Key,
UserName Varchar2(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
UserPwd Varchar2(40) NOT NULL
);
建立user4,其結構與表user完全相同:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users4
(UserId NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
UserName VRCHAR2(40),
UserPwd VARCHAR2(40),
CONSTRAINT UK_USERNAME UNIQUE(UserName)
);
將表user的username列設定唯一約束:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN. Users
ADD CONSTRAINT UK_USERNAME1
UNIQUE(UserName);
使用insert向表user中插入兩條記錄使他們列值是重複的:username=test-》
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(100, 'test', 'test');
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(101, 'test', '1234');
應用情境139:建立驗證檢查約束
在username列上定義檢查約束:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users5
(UserId number PRIMARY KEY,
UserName varchar2(40),
UserPwd varchar2(40)
CONSTRAINT CK_USERPWD CHECK(LENGTH(UserPwd)>=6)
);
使用alter建立檢查約束:
ALTER TABLE HRMAN. Users
ADD CONSTRAINT CK_USERPWD1 CHECK(LENGTH(UserPwd)>=6);
使用insert插入記錄是userpwd的列值得長度小於6:
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users VALUES(102, 'user', 'pwd');
應用情境140:建立和驗證外鍵約束
為表departments的dep_id列和表employee的dep_id列建立外鍵約束fk_emp_depid:、
ALTER TABLE HRMAN.Employees
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_EMP_DEPID
FOREIGN KEY(Dep_id) REFERENCES HRMAN.Departments(Dep_id);
向表中插入一條記錄:
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Employees (Emp_id, Emp_name, Dep_id)
VALUES (1, 'Johney', 3);
應用情境141:設定DEFAULT列的屬性
建立表users6,設定userpwd的預設值為:11111:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Users6
(UserId Number Primary Key,
UserName Varchar2(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
UserPwd Varchar2(40) DEFAULT('111111')
);
向表中插入一條記錄:
INSERT INTO HRMAN.Users6 (UserId, UserName) VALUES(1, 'user');
應用情境142:刪除表
DROP TABLE HRMAN.USERS;
應用情境143:在Enterprise Manager中查看和管理檢視
應用情境144:在Enterprise Manager中建立視圖
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id
應用情境145:使用create view
建立視圖v_emp1
CREATE VIEW HRMAN.V_EMP
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;
查看使用者hrman的視圖以及其定義的文本資訊:
SELECT VIEW_NAME, TEXT FROM DBA_VIEWS
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';
應用情境146:修改視圖
修改視圖hrman.v_emp1:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW HRMAN.V_EMP
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, e.Sex, e.Wage, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;
應用情境147:刪除視圖
DROP view HR.v_emp1;
應用情境148:在Enterprise Manager中的索引管理頁面
應用情境149:在Enterprise Manager中建立索引
應用情境150:
使用資料表空間users儲存索引:
CREATE INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME ON HRMAN.EMPLOYEES(EMP_NAME)
TABLESPACE Users;
為表HRMAN。Enmployees的列IDCard建立唯一索引:
CREATE INDEX HRMAN. UQ_IDCARD ON HRMAN.EMPLOYEES(IDCARD)
TABLESPACE Users;
查看hrman所擁有的視圖及其定義文本資訊:
SELECT INDEX_NAME, TABLE_NAME FROM DBA_INDEXES
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';
應用情境151:修改索引
ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME UNUSABLE;
ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME REBUILD;
ALTER INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME RENAME TO IX_EMPNAME_1;
應用情境152:刪除索引
DROP INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMPNAME_1;
應用情境153:在Enterprise Manager中查看和管理實體化視圖
應用情境154:在Enterprise Manager中建立視圖
應用情境155:使用CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW 語句建立實體化視圖
建立實體化mv_emp1:
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP1
REFRESH FORCE
ON DEMAND
AS
SELECT e.Emp_Id, e.Emp_Name, d.Dep_Name
FROM HRMAN.Employees e, HRMAN.Departments d
WHERE e.Dep_Id=d.Dep_Id;
應用情境156:修改視圖
將重新整理類型設定為CONPLETE:
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP
REFRESH COMPLETE
ON DEMAND;
應用情境157:刪除實體化視圖
DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW HRMAN.MV_EMP;
應用情境158:建立簇
CREATE CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster (dep_id NUMBER)
PCTUSED 80
PCTFREE 5
SIZE 500
TABLESPACE users
STORAGE (INITIAL 200K
NEXT 300K
MINEXTENTS 2
MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED
PCTINCREASE 33);
應用情境159:建立簇表
在簇HRMAN.HrCluster中建立DeptInfo:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.DeptInfo
(
Dep_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
Dep_name VARCHAR2(100) NOT NULL
)
CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster(Dep_id);
在HRMAN.HrCluster中建立表EmpInfo:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.EmpInfo
(
Emp_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
Emp_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
Sex VARCHAR2(2),
Title VARCHAR2(50),
Wage NUMBER(8, 2),
IdCard VARCHAR2(20),
Dep_id NUMBER
)
CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster(Dep_id);
應用情境160:使用DBA_CLUSTERS視圖查看簇的資訊
查看HRMAN中的簇表列資訊:
COL CLUSTER_NAME FORMAT A20
COL OWNER FORMAT A20
COL TABLESPACE_NAME FORMAT A20
SELECT CLUSTER_NAME, OWNER, TABLESPACE_NAME, CLUSTER_TYPE FROM DBA_CLUSTERS;
應用情境161:使用DBA_CLU_COLUMNS視圖查看簇表的列資訊
COL OWNER FORMAT A10
COL CLUSTER_NAME FORMAT A15
COL CLU_COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TAB_COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A15
SELECT * FROM DBA_CLU_COLUMNS
WHERE OWNER='HRMAN';
應用情境162:建立簇索引
在村HRMAN.HrCluster上建立簇索引:
CREATE INDEX HRMAN.IX_EMP_DEPT
ON CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
TABLESPACE users
STORAGE (INITIAL 50K
NEXT 50K
MINEXTENTS 2
MAXEXTENTS 10
PCTINCREASE 33);
應用情境163:修改簇
ALTER CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
PCTUSED 60
PCTFREE 30;
應用情境164:刪除簇
DROP CLUSTER HRMAN.HrCluster
INCLUDING TABLES
CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;
應用情境165:建立散列簇
在HRMAN方案上建立散列簇HashCluster:
CREATE TABLE HRMAN.Area
(
AreaId NUMBER(5, 0) PRIMARY KEY,
AreaName VARCHAR2(200),
UpperId NUMBER(5, 0)
)
CLUSTER HRMAN.HashCluster(AreaId);
在散列簇上建立表area用於儲存地區資訊
CREATE CLUSTER STCluster (Id NUMBER)
SIZE 512 SINGLE TABLE HASHKEYS 500;
應用情境166:控制散列簇的空間使用
應用情境167:估算散列簇所需要的空間大小
應用情境168:修改和刪除散列簇
應用情境169:使用DBA_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS視圖查看散列函數
SELECT * FROM DBA_CLUSTER_HASH_EXPRESSIONS;
應用情境170:建立序列
CREATE SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S
MINVALUE 1
NOMAXVALUE
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCYCLE
CACHE 20;
應用情境171:修改序列
ALTER SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S
MAXVALUE 10000;
應用情境172:刪除序列
DROP SEQUENCE HRMAN.EMP_S;
應用情境173:序列的使用
CREATE SEQUENCE HRMAN.USER_S
MINVALUE 1
NOMAXVALUE
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NOCYCLE
CACHE 20;
INSERT INTO HRMAN.USERS VALUES(HRMAN.USER_S.NEXTVAL, 'admin', 'pass');
應用情境174:建立同義字
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM HrEmployees FOR HRMAN.Employees;
應用情境175:使用系統檢視表DBA_SYNONYMS查看同義字的資訊
COL OWNER FORMAT A10
COL SYNONYM_NAME FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_OWNER FORMAT A10
COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10
COL DB_LINK FORMAT A10
SELECT * FROM DBA_SYNONYMS
WHERE TABLE_NAME='EMPLOYEES';
應用情境176:在DML語句中使用同義字
COL EMP_NAME FORMAT A20
COL TITLE FORMAT A10
SELECT Emp_name, Title, Wage FROM HrEmployees;
應用情境177:刪除同義字
DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM HrEmployees;
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