第二部分 Linux Shell進階編程技巧——第二章 Shell工具

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• 筆記
• 附圖

筆記

#Shell工具#記錄檔#編輯#vi datelog.sh#查看檔案內容[root@localhost 0418]# cat datelog.sh #!/bin/bash#datelog.sh#當前的日期current_date=`date "+%Y%m%d"`#今天的記錄檔名todaylog="log/${current_date}.log}#如果記錄檔不存在，建立一個if [ ! -f $todaylog ]then        touch $todaylogfi#輸出日誌到記錄檔log_time_format=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %T"`echo "${log_time_format} 命令開始" >>$todaylog## command blockssleep 4##輸出日誌到記錄檔log_time_format=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %T"`echo "${log_time_format} 命令結束" >>$todaylog#執行[root@localhost 0418]# ./datelog.sh   #查看當前日期[root@localhost 0418]# dateThu Apr 18 11:35:52 CST 2013You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root#查看date協助手冊[root@localhost 0418]# man date#編輯vi processlog.sh#改變許可權[root@localhost 0418]# chmod 755 processlog.sh#啟動httpd服務[root@localhost 0418]# service httpd start  Starting httpd: perl: warning: Setting locale failed.perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:        LANGUAGE = (unset),        LC_ALL = (unset),        LANG = "en_US.en"    are supported and installed on your system.perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").                                                           [  OK  ]#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -aux|grep "/usr/sbin/httpd"|grep -v " grep "root     19202  1.9  3.3 19656 8624 ?        S    12:09   0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep、列印進程號[root@localhost 0418]# ps -aux|grep "/usr/sbin/httpd"|grep -v "grep"|awk '{print $2}'19202#執行[root@localhost 0418]# ./processlog.sh #查看[root@localhost 0418]# cat /ttftpboot  tmp   #查看tmp目錄，發現19304.txt檔案    [root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/.X0-lock.X11-unix.fam_socket.font-unix.gdm_socket.iroha_unix19304.txtOSL_PIPE_0_SingleOfficeIPC_e31798b4554fdedd4fea48cd4e93b7VMwareDnDjd_sockV4orbit-rootorbit-studentssh-XXCs45Kovmware-root#查看19304.txt內容[root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/19304.txt 19202#手動刪除[root@localhost 0418]# rm -f /tmp/19304.txt #執行[root@localhost 0418]# ./processlog.sh rm -f /tmp/19421.txt#重新查看，發現沒有內容[root@localhost 0418]# cat /tmp/19421.txtcat: /tmp/19421.txt: No such file or directory#訊號#查看所有訊號[root@localhost 0418]# kill -l 1) SIGHUP       2) SIGINT       3) SIGQUIT      4) SIGILL 5) SIGTRAP      6) SIGABRT      7) SIGBUS       8) SIGFPE 9) SIGKILL     10) SIGUSR1     11) SIGSEGV     12) SIGUSR213) SIGPIPE     14) SIGALRM     15) SIGTERM     17) SIGCHLD18) SIGCONT     19) SIGSTOP     20) SIGTSTP     21) SIGTTIN22) SIGTTOU     23) SIGURG      24) SIGXCPU     25) SIGXFSZ26) SIGVTALRM   27) SIGPROF     28) SIGWINCH    29) SIGIO30) SIGPWR      31) SIGSYS      33) SIGRTMIN    34) SIGRTMIN+135) SIGRTMIN+2  36) SIGRTMIN+3  37) SIGRTMIN+4  38) SIGRTMIN+539) SIGRTMIN+6  40) SIGRTMIN+7  41) SIGRTMIN+8  42) SIGRTMIN+943) SIGRTMIN+10 44) SIGRTMIN+11 45) SIGRTMIN+12 46) SIGRTMIN+1347) SIGRTMIN+14 48) SIGRTMIN+15 49) SIGRTMAX-14 50) SIGRTMAX-1351) SIGRTMAX-12 52) SIGRTMAX-11 53) SIGRTMAX-10 54) SIGRTMAX-955) SIGRTMAX-8  56) SIGRTMAX-7  57) SIGRTMAX-6  58) SIGRTMAX-559) SIGRTMAX-4  60) SIGRTMAX-3  61) SIGRTMAX-2  62) SIGRTMAX-163) SIGRTMAX#查看httpd進程詳細資料[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19212 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]root     19533  2658  0 12:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep httpd#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19212 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#殺死進程19212[root@localhost 0418]# kill -s SIGKILL 19212[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19211 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#功能同上[root@localhost 0418]# kill -9 19211   #重新查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep ，發現沒有該進程，說明被終止    [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19210 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#掛起進程[root@localhost 0418]# kill -s SIGHUP 19210 #查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#重新查看查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19209 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#殺死子進程或者父進程下的所有子進程[root@localhost 0418]# kill -1 19209#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep      [root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19616 19202  0 12:26 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdapache   19205 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19206 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19207 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19208 19202  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]apache   19616 19202  0 12:26 ?        00:00:00 [httpd]#結束進程號為19202的進程[root@localhost 0418]# kill -1 19202#查看httpd進程詳細資料並去除grep[root@localhost 0418]# ps -ef |grep "httpd"|grep -v "grep"root     19202     1  0 12:09 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpdexit crtl+D退出當前shell#trap捕捉訊號#建立檔案夾0419mkdir 0419#進入該目錄cd 0419#拷貝0418所有檔案到目前的目錄[root@localhost 0419]# cp ../0418/* .#編輯[root@localhost 0419]# vi trap1.sh#查看內容[root@localhost 0419]# cat trap1.sh #!/bin/bash#trap1.sh#注意此處為單引號，不是反引號trap ‘exitprocess’ 2LOOP=0function exitprocess(){        echo "You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number $LOOP"        echo "I will now exit"        exit 1}while :do        LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]        echo $LOOPdone#改變許可權[root@localhost 0419]# chmod 755 trap1.sh#執行[root@localhost 0419]# ./trap1.sh#另一個終端查看進程[root@localhost 0419]# ps –efroot      4221  2113  0 15:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshdroot      4241  4221  0 15:58 pts/1    00:00:00 -bashroot      4834  4180  6 16:19 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash ./trap1.sh#結束進程kill -2 4834#執行終端列印資訊You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number 38383I will now exit#重新編輯[root@localhost 0419]# vi trap1.sh#查看內容，增加休眠調用[root@localhost 0419]# cat trap1.sh #!/bin/bash#trap1.shtrap ‘exitprocess’ 2LOOP=0function exitprocess(){        echo "You just hit <CRTL-C>, at number $LOOP"        echo "I will now exit"        exit 1}while :do        LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]        echo $LOOP #增加代碼        sleep 1done#執行[root@localhost 0419]# ./trap1.shroot      5245  4180  0 16:35 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash ./trap1.sh#另一個終端，結束進程kill -4 5245#當前終端，顯示資訊Illegal instruction#不做任何處理kill -3 5305#會做處理kill -2 5305#拷貝檔案[root@localhost 0419]# cp trap1.sh trap2.sh#查看內容[root@localhost 0419]# cat trap2.sh #!/bin/bash#trap2.shLOOP=0trap 'exitprocess' 2HOLD1=/tmp/ho1d1.$$HOLD2=/tmp/hold2.$$function exitprocess(){        echo -e "\nRecived Interrupt ..."        echo -n "Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)"        read ANS        case $ANS in        Y|y)                rm_tmp_file                ;;        N|n)                ;;        *)                exitprocess                ;;        esac}function rm_tmp_file(){        echo "<CRTL-C> detected .. Now cleaning up ...wait"        rm /tmp/*.$$ 2>/dev/null        exit 1}while :do        LOOP=$[$LOOP+1]        echo $LOOP        df>>$HOLD1        ps -xa >>$HOLD2        sleep 1done#執行[root@localhost 0419]# ./trap2.sh 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455Recived Interrupt ...Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)N565758596061626364656667686970717273747576Recived Interrupt ...Do you really wish to exit?(Y?N)y<CRTL-C> detected .. Now cleaning up ...wait#查看tmp目錄下的內容ls -al /tmp/-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3816 Apr 19 16:50 ho1d1.5503-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         3816 Apr 19 16:50 ho1d2.5503#另一個終端查看進程ps –ef#結束進程kill -2 5503#eval#執行[root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`-bash: total: command not found#編輯vi myfile#查看內容[root@localhost 0419]# cat myfile ls –al#執行[root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`total 32drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root         4096 Apr 19 16:54 .drwxr-xr-x   15 root     root         4096 Apr 19 15:58 ..-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          431 Apr 19 15:59 awkif.sh-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          435 Apr 19 15:59 datelog.sh-rw-r--r--    1 root     root            7 Apr 19 16:54 myfile-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          391 Apr 19 15:59 processlog.sh-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          210 Apr 19 16:35 trap1.sh-rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root          484 Apr 19 16:45 trap2.sh#重新編輯[root@localhost 0419]# vi myfile #查看內容[root@localhost 0419]# cat myfile ls#重新執行[root@localhost 0419]# MYFILE="cat myfile"; `eval $MYFILE`awkif.sh  datelog.sh  myfile  processlog.sh  trap1.sh  trap2.sh#可以不使用變數[root@localhost 0419]# eval `cat myfile` awkif.sh  datelog.sh  myfile  processlog.sh  trap1.sh  trap2.sh#logger#查看messages內容[root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messages#向記錄檔增加內容[root@localhost 0419]# logger -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"Apr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhen[root@localhost 0419]# logger -p 19 -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"#再次查看[root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messagesApr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhenApr 19 17:01:56 localhost root[6199]: chinaitlab shenzhen#向記錄檔增加內容[root@localhost 0419]# logger -p 1 -i "chinaitlab shenzhen"#再次查看[root@localhost 0419]# cat /var/log/messagesApr 19 17:01:09 localhost root[6179]: chinaitlab shenzhenApr 19 17:01:56 localhost root[6199]: chinaitlab shenzhenApr 19 17:02:25 localhost root[6201]: chinaitlab shenzhen

 

附圖

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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