標籤:結合 ... win pat /tmp 組成 分隔字元 UI 字串
前面的話
path模組包含一系列處理和轉換檔路徑的工具集,通過 require(‘path‘)
可用來訪問這個模組。本文將詳細介紹path模組
路徑組成
【path.dirname(p)】
返迴路徑p所在的目錄
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.dirname(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt‘)); // /foo/bar/baz/asdfconsole.log(path.dirname(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/‘)); // /foo/bar/bazconsole.log(path.dirname(‘C:/test/aaa‘)); // C:/test
【path.basename(p[, ext])】
返迴路徑的最後一個部分,即檔案名稱。參數ext為需要截掉的尾碼內容
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.basename(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt‘)); // a.txtconsole.log(path.basename(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt‘,‘.txt‘)); // aconsole.log(path.basename(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/‘)); // asdfconsole.log(path.basename(‘C:/test/aaa‘)); // aaa
【path.extname(p)】
返迴路徑p的副檔名,從最後一個‘.‘到字串的末尾。如果最後一個部分沒有‘.‘,或者路徑是以‘.‘開頭,則返回Null 字元串
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.extname(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt‘)); // .txtconsole.log(path.extname(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b‘)); // .bconsole.log(path.extname(‘/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.‘)); // .console.log(path.extname(‘C:/test/aaa/.‘)); // ‘‘console.log(path.extname(‘C:/test/aaa‘)); // ‘‘
分隔字元
【path.sep】
返回對應平台下的檔案分隔字元,win下為‘\‘,*nix下為‘/‘
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.sep); // win下為\,*nix下為/console.log(‘foo\\bar\\baz‘.split(path.sep)); // [ ‘foo‘, ‘bar‘, ‘baz‘ ]console.log(‘foo/bar/baz‘.split(path.sep)); // win下返回[‘foo/bar/baz‘],但在*nix系統下會返回[‘foo‘,‘bar‘,‘baz‘]
【path.delimiter】
返回對應平台下的路徑分隔字元,win下為‘;‘,*nix下為‘:‘
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.delimiter); //win下為“;”,*nix下為“:”console.log(path.sep); // win下為\,*nix下為/
正常化
【path.normalize(p)】
正常化路徑,處理冗餘的“..”、“.”、“/”字元。發現多個斜杠時,會替換成一個斜杠。當路徑末尾包含一個斜杠時,保留。Windows系統使用反斜線
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.normalize(‘a/b/c/../user/bin‘));//a\b\user\binconsole.log(path.normalize(‘a/b/c///../user/bin/‘));//a\b\user\binconsole.log(path.normalize(‘a/b/c/../../user/bin‘));//a\user\binconsole.log(path.normalize(‘a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..‘));//a\userconsole.log(path.normalize(‘a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../‘));//aconsole.log(path.normalize(‘a/../../user/bin/../../‘));//..console.log(path.normalize(‘a/../../user/bin/../../../../‘));//..\..\..console.log(path.normalize(‘./a/.././user/bin/./‘));//user\bin\
【path.join([path1], [path2], [...])】
將多個路徑結合在一起,並轉換為正常化路徑
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.join(‘////./a‘, ‘b////c‘, ‘user/‘));//\a\b\c\userconsole.log(path.join(‘a‘, ‘../../‘, ‘user/‘));//..\user\
絕對和相對
【path.resolve([from ...], to)】
從源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的絕對路徑,類似在shell裡執行一系列的cd命令
path.resolve(‘foo/bar‘, ‘/tmp/file/‘, ‘..‘, ‘a/../subfile‘)
類似於:
cd foo/barcd /tmp/file/cd ..cd a/../subfilepwd
[注意]如果某個from或to參數是絕對路徑(比如 ‘E:/abc‘,或是以“/”開頭的路徑),則將忽略之前的from參數
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.resolve(‘.‘, ‘testFiles/..‘, ‘trdLayer‘));//D:\project\trdLayerconsole.log(path.resolve(‘..‘, ‘testFiles‘, ‘a.txt‘));//D:\testFiles\a.txtconsole.log(path.resolve(‘D:‘, ‘abc‘, ‘D:/a‘));//D:\aconsole.log(path.resolve(‘abc‘, ‘ok.gif‘));//D:\project\abc\ok.gifconsole.log(path.resolve(‘abc‘, ‘..‘, ‘a/../subfile‘)); //D:\project\subfile
【path.isAbsolute(path)】
path是一個絕對路徑(比如 ‘E:/abc‘),或者是以“/”開頭的路徑,二者都會返回true
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.isAbsolute(‘../testFiles/secLayer‘));//falseconsole.log(path.isAbsolute(‘./join.js‘));//falseconsole.log(path.isAbsolute(‘temp‘));//falseconsole.log(path.isAbsolute(‘/temp/../..‘));//trueconsole.log(path.isAbsolute(‘E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg‘));//trueconsole.log(path.isAbsolute(‘///temp123‘));//true
【path.relative(from, to)】
擷取從 from 到 to 的相對路徑,可以看作 path.resolve 的相反實現
path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to)
var path = require(‘path‘);console.log(path.relative(‘C:\\\test‘, ‘C:\\\impl\\bbb‘));//..\impl\bbbconsole.log(path.relative(‘C:/test/aaa‘, ‘C:/bbb‘));//..\..\bbbconsole.log(path.relative(‘C:/test/aaa‘, ‘D:/bbb‘));//D:\bbb
nodeJS之路徑PATH模組