JavaScript 解析Json字串的效能比較分析代碼

解析時用到的方法一般是eval或者new function，而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又內建了原生的JSON對象（據說會有一定的效能提升）。那我們在實際使用的時候怎樣從這三種方法（因為效能問題，不考慮用javascript實現的解析）裡面來選擇呢？面對眾多的瀏覽器，哪種方式的效能是最好的呢？

一、測試方法

1、首先指定測試次數及JSON字串

複製代碼 代碼如下:var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}';

2、迴圈解析並記錄時間

eval 複製代碼 代碼如下:var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" );
}
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

new Function 複製代碼 代碼如下:var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )();
}
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

native 複製代碼 代碼如下:if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); }
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
} else {
Console.output( "native:not support!" );
}

二、測試對象

選擇目前主流的瀏覽器（不考慮Maxthon一類的外殼），包括IE6、7、8，Firefox2、3、3.1，Chrome，Opera及Safari3、4。

三、測試環境

T9300 CPU + 4G RAM + Windows2003，其中IE8使用的是Vista的環境，IE7在另外一台工作機（2G CPU + 2G RAM + Windows2003），考慮到主要是測試瀏覽器用戶端的效能，結果的誤差應該能夠接受。

四、測試結果

*數值越小越好

*在當前列中綠色背景的表示效能最好，紅色效能最差
1、Firefox2、3全部墊底，IE6的效能優於IE7（可能和機器不一致有關），Chrome和Safari4的效能遠遠超出其它瀏覽器。

2、不同的瀏覽器下eval和new Function的效能不一致，總的來說eval更好，但Firefox下new Function的效能是eval的一倍，為了更好的相容各個瀏覽器，我們把對JSON的解析單獨封裝成一個對象來處理：
wrapper 複製代碼 代碼如下:var __json = null;
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
__json = JSON;
}
var browser = Browser;
var JSON = {
parse: function( text ) {
if ( __json !== null ) {
return __json.parse( text );
}
if ( browser.gecko ) {
return new Function( "return " + text )();
}
return eval( "(" + text + ")" )
}
};
var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); }
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

加入Wrapper後的結果：

由於涉及到調用對象的開銷，封裝後JSON對象會比單獨調用更慢，但它能保證在各個瀏覽器下使用最適合的方法。

五、結論

解析Json字串時，不同的瀏覽器選擇不同的方法：

IE6、7使用eval
IE8使用原生的JSON對象
Firefox2、3使用new Function
Safari4使用eval
其它瀏覽器下eval和new Function的效能基本一致

如果有不同意見歡迎拍磚：）

Update:

2009.03.23：屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再進行測試
由於Known在Firefox下運行代碼得到了完全不一致的結果，懷疑是Firefox的外掛程式導致，於是禁掉所有外掛程式後（後來表明幾乎由Firebug導致），重新在Firefox2、3下測試了一下，結果如下：

這表明Firefox本身的效能並不是象我們先前測試的那樣低，在去掉外掛程式後效能還是很不錯。但是沒有Firebug一類的外掛程式支援，Firefox對我們的吸引力也大大降低了。

2009.03.31：迴圈中每次使用新的json字串
根據Oliver的描述，他猜測是由於Safari4和Chrome緩衝了eval的結果從而導致它們的測試成績“虛”高，測試結果證明了他的推測:

從這個結果中我們可以看到，Opera的效能最好，Ie8其次。

主要修改的代碼：

複製代碼 代碼如下://eval 2: var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")");
}
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
//new Function
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')();
}
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
//native
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}');
}
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
} else {
Console.output( "native:not support!" );
}
//wrapper
var __json = null;
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
__json = JSON;
}
var browser = Browser;
var JSON = {
parse: function( text ) {
if ( __json !== null ) {
return __json.parse( text );
}
if ( browser.gecko ) {
return new Function( "return " + text )();
}
return eval( "(" + text + ")" )
}
};
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}');
}
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );

附：全部代碼複製代碼 代碼如下:<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Parse JsonString</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="consoleRegion"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
//yui
var Browser = function() {
var o = {
ie: 0,
opera: 0,
gecko: 0,
webkit: 0
};
var ua = navigator.userAgent, m;
if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) {
o.webkit = 1;
}
// Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade
m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/);
if (m&&m[1]) {
o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1]);
}
if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit
// @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr)
m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/);
if (m&&m[1]) {
o.opera=parseFloat(m[1]);
} else { // not opera or webkit
m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/);
if (m&&m[1]) {
o.ie=parseFloat(m[1]);
} else { // not opera, webkit, or ie
m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/);
if (m) {
o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision
m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/);
if (m&&m[1]) {
o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1]);
}
}
}
}
}
return o;
}();
var Console = {
consoleRegion: null,
getRegion: function() {
if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) {
this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" );
}
return this.consoleRegion;
},
output: function( text ) {
this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text;
}
};
//test code
var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}';
//eval
var beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" );
}
Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
//new Function
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )();
}
Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
//native
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse( jsonString );
}
Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
} else {
Console.output( "native:not support!" );
}
//wrapper
var __json = null;
if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) {
__json = JSON;
}
var browser = Browser;
var JSON = {
parse: function( text ) {
if ( __json !== null ) {
return __json.parse( text );
}
if ( browser.gecko ) {
return new Function( "return " + text )();
}
return eval( "(" + text + ")" )
}
};
beginTime = new Date();
for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
o = JSON.parse( jsonString );
}
Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) );
//alert( o.value.items[0].z );
</script>
</body>
</html>