php數組和部分操作函數

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1. 數組定義

數組的定義使用 array()方式定義,可以定義空數組:

<?php    $number = array(1,3,5,7,9);    //定義空數組    $result = array();    $color =array("red","blue","green");    //自訂索引值    $language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch");    //定義二維數組    $two = array(                "color"=>array("red","blue"),    //用逗號結尾                "week"=>array("Monday","Friday")    //最後一句沒有標點    );?>
2. 建立數組

compact()

compact()函數——將一個或多個變數(包含數組)轉換為數組:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。

<?PHP    $number = "1,3,5,7,9";    $string = "I‘m PHPer";    $array = array("And","You?");    $newArray = compact("number","string","array");    print_r ($newArray);?>

compact()函數用於將兩個或多個變數轉換為數組,當然也包含陣列變數。其參數是變數的名稱而非帶有$全名。相反的函數是extract()作用顧名思義就是將數群組轉換為單個的字串,索引值作為其字串名稱,數組值作為字串的值。

運行結果:

Array ( [number] => 1,3,5,7,9 [string] => I‘m PHPer [array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? ) )

array_combine()

array_combine()——將兩個數組重組成一個數組,一個作索引值一個做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )

<?PHP    $number = array("1","3","5","7","9");    $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");    $newArray = array_combine($number,$array);    print_r ($newArray);?>

array_combine函數不多說了,誰看了都明白。

運行結果:

Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )

range()

range()函數——建立指定範圍的數組:

<?PHP    $array1 = range(0,100,10);//0為起始值,100為結束值,10為步進值(預設步進值為1).    print_r($array1);    echo"<br />";    $array2 = range("A","Z");    print_r($array2);    echo "<br />";    $array3 = range("z","a");    print_r($array3);?>

array_fill()

array_fill()函數——填充數組函數:

<?PHP        $array = range(1,10);        $fillarray = range("a","d");        $arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//這裡的$fillarray可以是字串,如"test".        echo "<pre>";        print_r ($arrayFilled);        echo "</pre>";        $keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK");        $array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing");        echo "<pre>";        print_r ($array2);        echo "</pre>";?>

運行結果:

Array(    [0] => Array        (            [0] => a            [1] => b            [2] => c            [3] => d        )    [1] => Array        (            [0] => a            [1] => b            [2] => c            [3] => d        )    [2] => Array        (            [0] => a            [1] => b            [2] => c            [3] => d        )    [3] => Array        (            [0] => a            [1] => b            [2] => c            [3] => d        )    [4] => Array        (            [0] => a            [1] => b            [2] => c            [3] => d        ))Array(    [string] => testing    [2] => testing    [9] => testing    [SDK] => testing    [PK] => testing)
3. 數組的遍曆

foreach遍曆

foreach (array_expression as $value){}

foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}

<?PHP$speed = array(50,120,180,240,380);foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){echo $keys."=>".$values."<br />";}?>

運行結果:

0=>501=>1202=>1803=>2404=>380

while迴圈遍曆

while迴圈遍曆一般結合list函數,以下是執行個體

<?PHP        $staff = array(            array("姓名","性別","年齡"),            array("小張","男",24),            array("小王","女",25),            array("小李","男",23)        );        echo "<table border=2>";        while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){            list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;            echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>";        }        echo "</table>";       ?>

for迴圈遍曆

<?PHP    $speed = range(0,220,20);    for($i =0;$i<count($speed);$i++) {        echo $speed[$i]." ";    }?>

運行結果:

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 
4. 數組的指標操作

涉及函數包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。

執行個體一:next 與 prev

<?PHP    $speed = range(0,220,20);    echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值(在數組的開頭位置)    $i = rand(1,11);    while($i--){        next($speed);//指標從當前位置向後移動一位    }    echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值    echo "<br />";    echo prev($speed);//輸出前一位置數組值    echo "<br />";    echo reset($speed);//重設數組的指標,將指標指向起始位置    echo "<br />";    echo end($speed);//輸出最後位置的數組值    echo "<br />";?>

運行結果:

02202000220

執行個體二:each函數指標操作

<?PHP    $speed = range(0,200,40);    echo "each實現指標下移 <br />";    echo "0擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "1擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "2擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "3擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "4擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "5擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />";    echo "使用each函數實現數組指標的移動,進行數組遍曆 <br />";    reset($speed);//這裡是將數組指標指向數組首    while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){        echo $key."=>".$value."<br />";    }?>

運行結果:

each實現指標下移 0擋的速度是01擋的速度是402擋的速度是803擋的速度是1204擋的速度是1605擋的速度是200使用each函數實現數組指標的移動,進行數組遍曆 0=>01=>402=>803=>1204=>1605=>200
5. 數組的增添刪改操作

增添數群組成員

執行個體一:$num[] = value直接賦值追加到數組末尾:

<?PHP        $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);        echo "使用運算式添加數群組成員<br />";        $num[]=240;        print_r($num);      ?>

運行結果:

使用運算式添加數群組成員Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 )

執行個體二:array_pad函數,數組數組首尾選擇性追加

<?PHP        $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);        $num = array_pad($num,4,200);        echo "使用array_pad函數向數組尾部新增成員<br />";        print_r($num);        echo "<br />array_pad 還可以填充數組首部<br />";        $num = array_pad($num,-8,40);        print_r($num);    ?>

運行結果:

使用array_pad函數向數組尾部新增成員Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 ) array_pad 還可以填充數組首部Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 )

執行個體三:入棧操作追加(array_push):

<?PHP        $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);        array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾        print_r($num);    ?>

運行結果:

Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 )

執行個體四:array_unshift()在開頭添加數群組成員

<?PHP        $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160);        array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾        print_r($num);    ?>

運行結果:

Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 )

注意:array_unshift()函數使用後數組的索引值將會從0開始!

刪減數群組成員

執行個體一:unset()命令刪除數群組成員或數組:

<?PHP        $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));        print_r($num);        echo "<br />";        unset($num[4]);        print_r($num);        echo "<br />";        unset($num);        if(is_array){            echo "unset命令不能刪除整個數組";        }else{            echo "unset命令可以刪除數組";        }    ?>

運行結果:(運行出錯及說明數組也被刪除,不再存在)

Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 ) Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 ) Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed ‘is_array‘ in H:\wamp\www\testing\editorplus\test.php on line 21unset命令不能刪除整個數組

執行個體二:array_splice()函數刪除數群組成員

<?php        $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");           count ($a); //得到4           array_splice($a,1,1); //刪除第二個元素           count ($a); //得到3           echo $a[2]; //得到yellow           echo $a[1]; //得到blue   ?>   

執行個體三:array_unique刪除數組中的重複值:

<?php        $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green");           $result = array_unique($a);        print_r($result);    ?>

運行結果:

Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )

執行個體四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合并數組

<?php        $array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4);        $array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9);        $array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11);        $array4 = array(            array(4=>10),            array(7=>13)        );        $array5 = array(            array(4=>11),            array(6=>12)        );        $result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);        echo "<pre>";        print_r($result);        echo "</pre>";        $result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5);        echo "<pre>";        print_r ($result);        echo "</pre>";    ?>

運行結果:

Array(    [r] => read    [0] => 1    [1] => 2    [2] => 3    [3] => 4    [b] => blue    [4] => 5    [5] => 6    [6] => 7    [7] => 8    [8] => 9    [9] => 10    [10] => 11    [11] => Array        (            [4] => 10        )    [12] => Array        (            [7] => 13        )    [13] => Array        (            [4] => 11        )    [14] => Array        (            [6] => 12        ))Array(    [r] => Array        (            [0] => red            [1] => read        )    [0] => 1    [1] => 2    [2] => 3    [3] => 4    [b] => blue    [4] => 5    [5] => 6    [6] => 7    [7] => 8    [8] => 9    [9] => 10    [10] => 11    [11] => Array        (            [4] => 10        )    [12] => Array        (            [7] => 13        )    [13] => Array        (            [4] => 11        )    [14] => Array        (            [6] => 12        ))

註:1. array_merge的鍵名是數位將重建立立索引;遇到相同的字串鍵名時,後面的將覆蓋前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函數的作用是將相同字串的鍵名單元整合成一個數組。

6. 數組的索引值和值操作

執行個體一:in_array()檢測數組中是否有某個值存在

<?php        $array = range(0,9);        if(in_array(9,$array)){            echo "數組中存在";        }    ?>   

運行結果:數組中存在

執行個體二:key()取得數組當前的鍵名:

<?php        $array = range(0,9);        $num = rand(0,8);        while($num--)        next($array);        $key = key($array);        echo $key;    ?>

此執行個體結果為動態結果,範圍(0-8),不做結果示範。

執行個體三:list()函數把數組中的值賦給指定變數:

<?PHP        $staff = array(            array("姓名","性別","年齡"),            array("小張","男",24),            array("小王","女",25),            array("小李","男",23)        );        echo "<table border=2>";        while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){            list($name,$sex,$age) = $value;            echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>";        }        echo "</table>";?>

執行個體四:array_flip()交換數組的索引值和值:

<?PHP        $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");        print_r($array);        echo "<br />";        $array = array_flip($array);        print_r($array);       ?>

運行結果:

Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black ) Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )

執行個體五:array_keys()、array_values()返回數組中所有的索引值和值:

<?PHP        $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");        $result = array_keys($array);        print_r($result);        echo "<br />";        $result = array_values($array);        print_r($result);       ?>

運行結果:

Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 ) Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )

執行個體六:array_search()搜尋數值:

<?PHP        $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black");        $result = array_search("red",$array);        if(($result === NULL)){            echo "不存在數值red";        }else{            echo "存在數值 $result";        }       ?>

結果:存在數值 0

函數array_search()返回的值可能為false或0或NULL,所以在判斷時注意要用"==="

7. 數組的排序

執行個體一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()對數組排序:

<?PHP    $array = array("b","c","d","a");    sort($array);//從低到高排序    print_r($array);    echo "<br />";    rsort($array);//逆向排序    print_r($array);?>

結果:

Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a )

sort()、rsort()函數對數組進行從低到高的排序,返回結果為bool值;

asort()、arsort()函數是保留索引值的排序,排序後索引值不重新索引。

執行個體二:將數組順序打亂——shuffle()函數:

<?PHP    $array = array("a","b","c","d");    shuffle($array);//從低到高排序    print_r($array);?>

結果為動態結果:

Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b )

shuffle的結果有點隨機的意味,每次重新整理都不一樣。

執行個體三:array_reverse()數組反向:

<?PHP    $array = array("d","b","a","c");    $array = array_reverse($array);//從低到高排序    print_r($array);?>

運行結果:

Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d )

執行個體四:自然排序演算法——natsort()和natcasesort();

<?PHP    $array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4");    natsort($array);//從低到高排序    print_r($array);    echo "<br />";    natcasesort($array);    print_r($array);?>

結果:

Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 ) Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 )

natsort()、natcasesort()對數組進行自然排序,就是使用數位正常排序演算法。natcasesort會忽略大小寫。

執行個體五:對數組進行索引值排序ksort():

<?PHP    $array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4");    ksort($array);//從低到高排序    print_r($array);?>

結果:

Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 )

注意:ksort()函數重建立立了索引。

8. 數組的其他用法
   cout($array) --------統計數組的單元個數  array_diff($array1,$array2)----------統計數組之間的不同點,返回第一個數組中有而第二個數組中沒有的。  array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它對索引值也比較  array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比較索引值  array_product($array)-----------返回數組的所有數的乘積  array_sum($array)--------------所有數值的和  array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array數組中取出$n個數值,返回數組  array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得兩個數組的交集  array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基礎上進行索引值比較  array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比較兩個數組索引值的交集

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php數組和部分操作函數

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