標籤:覆蓋 大小 eset strong yellow nat ber 遇到 組成
1. 數組定義
數組的定義使用 array()方式定義,可以定義空數組:
<?php $number = array(1,3,5,7,9); //定義空數組 $result = array(); $color =array("red","blue","green"); //自訂索引值 $language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch"); //定義二維數組 $two = array( "color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗號結尾 "week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最後一句沒有標點 );?>
2. 建立數組
compact()
compact()函數——將一個或多個變數(包含數組)轉換為數組:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。
<?PHP $number = "1,3,5,7,9"; $string = "I‘m PHPer"; $array = array("And","You?"); $newArray = compact("number","string","array"); print_r ($newArray);?>
compact()函數用於將兩個或多個變數轉換為數組,當然也包含陣列變數。其參數是變數的名稱而非帶有$全名。相反的函數是extract()作用顧名思義就是將數群組轉換為單個的字串,索引值作為其字串名稱,數組值作為字串的值。
運行結果:
Array ( [number] => 1,3,5,7,9 [string] => I‘m PHPer [array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? ) )
array_combine()
array_combine()——將兩個數組重組成一個數組,一個作索引值一個做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )
<?PHP $number = array("1","3","5","7","9"); $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er"); $newArray = array_combine($number,$array); print_r ($newArray);?>
array_combine函數不多說了,誰看了都明白。
運行結果:
Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )
range()
range()函數——建立指定範圍的數組:
<?PHP $array1 = range(0,100,10);//0為起始值,100為結束值,10為步進值(預設步進值為1). print_r($array1); echo"<br />"; $array2 = range("A","Z"); print_r($array2); echo "<br />"; $array3 = range("z","a"); print_r($array3);?>
array_fill()
array_fill()函數——填充數組函數:
<?PHP $array = range(1,10); $fillarray = range("a","d"); $arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//這裡的$fillarray可以是字串,如"test". echo "<pre>"; print_r ($arrayFilled); echo "</pre>"; $keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK"); $array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing"); echo "<pre>"; print_r ($array2); echo "</pre>";?>
運行結果:
Array( [0] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [1] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [2] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [3] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [4] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ))Array( [string] => testing [2] => testing [9] => testing [SDK] => testing [PK] => testing)
3. 數組的遍曆
foreach遍曆
foreach (array_expression as $value){}
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}
<?PHP$speed = array(50,120,180,240,380);foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){echo $keys."=>".$values."<br />";}?>
運行結果:
0=>501=>1202=>1803=>2404=>380
while迴圈遍曆
while迴圈遍曆一般結合list函數,以下是執行個體
<?PHP $staff = array( array("姓名","性別","年齡"), array("小張","男",24), array("小王","女",25), array("小李","男",23) ); echo "<table border=2>"; while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>"; } echo "</table>"; ?>
for迴圈遍曆
<?PHP $speed = range(0,220,20); for($i =0;$i<count($speed);$i++) { echo $speed[$i]." "; }?>
運行結果:
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
4. 數組的指標操作
涉及函數包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。
執行個體一:next 與 prev
<?PHP $speed = range(0,220,20); echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值(在數組的開頭位置) $i = rand(1,11); while($i--){ next($speed);//指標從當前位置向後移動一位 } echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值 echo "<br />"; echo prev($speed);//輸出前一位置數組值 echo "<br />"; echo reset($speed);//重設數組的指標,將指標指向起始位置 echo "<br />"; echo end($speed);//輸出最後位置的數組值 echo "<br />";?>
運行結果:
02202000220
執行個體二:each函數指標操作
<?PHP $speed = range(0,200,40); echo "each實現指標下移 <br />"; echo "0擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "1擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "2擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "3擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "4擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "5擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "使用each函數實現數組指標的移動,進行數組遍曆 <br />"; reset($speed);//這裡是將數組指標指向數組首 while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){ echo $key."=>".$value."<br />"; }?>
運行結果:
each實現指標下移 0擋的速度是01擋的速度是402擋的速度是803擋的速度是1204擋的速度是1605擋的速度是200使用each函數實現數組指標的移動,進行數組遍曆 0=>01=>402=>803=>1204=>1605=>200
5. 數組的增添刪改操作
增添數群組成員
執行個體一:$num[] = value直接賦值追加到數組末尾:
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); echo "使用運算式添加數群組成員<br />"; $num[]=240; print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
使用運算式添加數群組成員Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 )
執行個體二:array_pad函數,數組數組首尾選擇性追加
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); $num = array_pad($num,4,200); echo "使用array_pad函數向數組尾部新增成員<br />"; print_r($num); echo "<br />array_pad 還可以填充數組首部<br />"; $num = array_pad($num,-8,40); print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
使用array_pad函數向數組尾部新增成員Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 ) array_pad 還可以填充數組首部Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 )
執行個體三:入棧操作追加(array_push):
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾 print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 )
執行個體四:array_unshift()在開頭添加數群組成員
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾 print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 )
注意:array_unshift()函數使用後數組的索引值將會從0開始!
刪減數群組成員
執行個體一:unset()命令刪除數群組成員或數組:
<?PHP $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10)); print_r($num); echo "<br />"; unset($num[4]); print_r($num); echo "<br />"; unset($num); if(is_array){ echo "unset命令不能刪除整個數組"; }else{ echo "unset命令可以刪除數組"; } ?>
運行結果:(運行出錯及說明數組也被刪除,不再存在)
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 ) Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 ) Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed ‘is_array‘ in H:\wamp\www\testing\editorplus\test.php on line 21unset命令不能刪除整個數組
執行個體二:array_splice()函數刪除數群組成員
<?php $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); count ($a); //得到4 array_splice($a,1,1); //刪除第二個元素 count ($a); //得到3 echo $a[2]; //得到yellow echo $a[1]; //得到blue ?>
執行個體三:array_unique刪除數組中的重複值:
<?php $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green"); $result = array_unique($a); print_r($result); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
執行個體四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合并數組
<?php $array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4); $array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9); $array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11); $array4 = array( array(4=>10), array(7=>13) ); $array5 = array( array(4=>11), array(6=>12) ); $result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); echo "<pre>"; print_r($result); echo "</pre>"; $result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); echo "<pre>"; print_r ($result); echo "</pre>"; ?>
運行結果:
Array( [r] => read [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [b] => blue [4] => 5 [5] => 6 [6] => 7 [7] => 8 [8] => 9 [9] => 10 [10] => 11 [11] => Array ( [4] => 10 ) [12] => Array ( [7] => 13 ) [13] => Array ( [4] => 11 ) [14] => Array ( [6] => 12 ))Array( [r] => Array ( [0] => red [1] => read ) [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [b] => blue [4] => 5 [5] => 6 [6] => 7 [7] => 8 [8] => 9 [9] => 10 [10] => 11 [11] => Array ( [4] => 10 ) [12] => Array ( [7] => 13 ) [13] => Array ( [4] => 11 ) [14] => Array ( [6] => 12 ))
註:1. array_merge的鍵名是數位將重建立立索引;遇到相同的字串鍵名時,後面的將覆蓋前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函數的作用是將相同字串的鍵名單元整合成一個數組。
6. 數組的索引值和值操作
執行個體一:in_array()檢測數組中是否有某個值存在
<?php $array = range(0,9); if(in_array(9,$array)){ echo "數組中存在"; } ?>
運行結果:數組中存在
執行個體二:key()取得數組當前的鍵名:
<?php $array = range(0,9); $num = rand(0,8); while($num--) next($array); $key = key($array); echo $key; ?>
此執行個體結果為動態結果,範圍(0-8),不做結果示範。
執行個體三:list()函數把數組中的值賦給指定變數:
<?PHP $staff = array( array("姓名","性別","年齡"), array("小張","男",24), array("小王","女",25), array("小李","男",23) ); echo "<table border=2>"; while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>"; } echo "</table>";?>
執行個體四:array_flip()交換數組的索引值和值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); print_r($array); echo "<br />"; $array = array_flip($array); print_r($array); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black ) Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )
執行個體五:array_keys()、array_values()返回數組中所有的索引值和值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); $result = array_keys($array); print_r($result); echo "<br />"; $result = array_values($array); print_r($result); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 ) Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
執行個體六:array_search()搜尋數值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); $result = array_search("red",$array); if(($result === NULL)){ echo "不存在數值red"; }else{ echo "存在數值 $result"; } ?>
結果:存在數值 0
函數array_search()返回的值可能為false或0或NULL,所以在判斷時注意要用"==="
7. 數組的排序
執行個體一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()對數組排序:
<?PHP $array = array("b","c","d","a"); sort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); echo "<br />"; rsort($array);//逆向排序 print_r($array);?>
結果:
Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a )
sort()、rsort()函數對數組進行從低到高的排序,返回結果為bool值;
asort()、arsort()函數是保留索引值的排序,排序後索引值不重新索引。
執行個體二:將數組順序打亂——shuffle()函數:
<?PHP $array = array("a","b","c","d"); shuffle($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array);?>
結果為動態結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b )
shuffle的結果有點隨機的意味,每次重新整理都不一樣。
執行個體三:array_reverse()數組反向:
<?PHP $array = array("d","b","a","c"); $array = array_reverse($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array);?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d )
執行個體四:自然排序演算法——natsort()和natcasesort();
<?PHP $array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4"); natsort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); echo "<br />"; natcasesort($array); print_r($array);?>
結果:
Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 ) Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 )
natsort()、natcasesort()對數組進行自然排序,就是使用數位正常排序演算法。natcasesort會忽略大小寫。
執行個體五:對數組進行索引值排序ksort():
<?PHP $array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4"); ksort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array);?>
結果:
Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 )
注意:ksort()函數重建立立了索引。
8. 數組的其他用法
cout($array) --------統計數組的單元個數 array_diff($array1,$array2)----------統計數組之間的不同點,返回第一個數組中有而第二個數組中沒有的。 array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它對索引值也比較 array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比較索引值 array_product($array)-----------返回數組的所有數的乘積 array_sum($array)--------------所有數值的和 array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array數組中取出$n個數值,返回數組 array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得兩個數組的交集 array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基礎上進行索引值比較 array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比較兩個數組索引值的交集
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php數組和部分操作函數