Understanding AsyncTask
AsyncTask是Android 1.5 Cubake加入的用於實現非同步作業的一個類,在此之前只能用Java SE庫中的Thread來實現多線程非同步,AsyncTask是Android平台自己的非同步工具,融入了Android平台的特性,讓非同步作業更加的安全,方便和實用。實質上它也是對Java SE庫中Thread的一個封裝,加上了平台相關的特性,所以對於所有的多線程非同步都強烈推薦使用AsyncTask,因為它考慮,也融入了Android平台的特性,更加的安全和高效。
AsyncTask可以方便的執行非同步作業(doInBackground),又能方便的與主線程進行通訊,它本身又有良好的封裝性,可以進行取消操作(cancel())。關於AsyncTask的使用,文檔說的很明白,下面直接上執行個體。
執行個體
這個執行個體用AsyncTask到網路上下載圖片,同時顯示進度,下載完圖片更新UI。
package com.hilton.effectiveandroid.concurrent;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.URL;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.graphics.Bitmap;import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;import android.os.AsyncTask;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.SystemClock;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ImageView;import android.widget.ProgressBar;import com.hilton.effectiveandroid.R;/* * AsyncTask cannot be reused, i.e. if you have executed one AsyncTask, you must discard it, you cannot execute it again. * If you try to execute an executed AsyncTask, you will get "java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task is already running" * In this demo, if you click "get the image" button twice at any time, you will receive "IllegalStateException". * About cancellation: * You can call AsyncTask#cancel() at any time during AsyncTask executing, but the result is onPostExecute() is not called after * doInBackground() finishes, which means doInBackground() is not stopped. AsyncTask#isCancelled() returns true after cancel() getting * called, so if you want to really cancel the task, i.e. stop doInBackground(), you must check the return value of isCancelled() in * doInBackground, when there are loops in doInBackground in particular. * This is the same to Java threading, in which is no effective way to stop a running thread, only way to do is set a flag to thread, and check * the flag every time in Thread#run(), if flag is set, run() aborts. */public class AsyncTaskDemoActivity extends Activity { private static final String ImageUrl = "http://i1.cqnews.net/sports/attachement/jpg/site82/2011-10-01/2960950278670008721.jpg"; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; private ImageView mImageView; private Button mGetImage; private Button mAbort; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(R.layout.async_task_demo_activity);mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.async_task_progress);mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.async_task_displayer);final ImageLoader loader = new ImageLoader();mGetImage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.async_task_get_image);mGetImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) {loader.execute(ImageUrl); }});mAbort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.asyc_task_abort);mAbort.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) {loader.cancel(true); }});mAbort.setEnabled(false); } private class ImageLoader extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Bitmap> {private static final String TAG = "ImageLoader";@Overrideprotected void onPreExecute() { // Initialize progress and image mGetImage.setEnabled(false); mAbort.setEnabled(true); mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); mProgressBar.setProgress(0); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon);}@Overrideprotected Bitmap doInBackground(String... url) { /* * Fucking ridiculous thing happened here, to use any Internet connections, either via HttpURLConnection * or HttpClient, you must declare INTERNET permission in AndroidManifest.xml. Otherwise you will get * "UnknownHostException" when connecting or other tcp/ip/http exceptions rather than "SecurityException" * which tells you need to declare INTERNET permission. */ try {URL u;HttpURLConnection conn = null;InputStream in = null;OutputStream out = null;final String filename = "local_temp_image";try { u = new URL(url[0]); conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection(); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(false); conn.setConnectTimeout(20 * 1000); in = conn.getInputStream(); out = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); byte[] buf = new byte[8196]; int seg = 0; final long total = conn.getContentLength(); long current = 0; /* * Without checking isCancelled(), the loop continues until reading whole image done, i.e. the progress * continues go up to 100. But onPostExecute() will not be called. * By checking isCancelled(), we can stop immediately, i.e. progress stops immediately when cancel() is called. */ while (!isCancelled() && (seg = in.read(buf)) != -1) {out.write(buf, 0, seg);current += seg;int progress = (int) ((float) current / (float) total * 100f);publishProgress(progress);SystemClock.sleep(1000); }} finally { if (conn != null) {conn.disconnect(); } if (in != null) {in.close(); } if (out != null) {out.close(); }}return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(getFileStreamPath(filename).getAbsolutePath()); } catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace(); } return null;}@Overrideprotected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) { mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);}@Overrideprotected void onPostExecute(Bitmap image) { if (image != null) {mImageView.setImageBitmap(image); } mProgressBar.setProgress(100); mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE); mAbort.setEnabled(false);} }}
運行結果
先後順序分別是下載前,下載中和下載後
總結
關於怎麼使用看文檔和這個例子就夠了,下面說下,使用時的注意事項:
1. AsyncTask對象不可重複使用,也就是說一個AsyncTask對象只能execute()一次,否則會有異常拋出"java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task is already running"
2. 在doInBackground()中要檢查isCancelled()的傳回值,如果你的非同步任務是可以取消的話。
cancel()僅僅是給AsyncTask對象設定了一個標識位,當調用了cancel()後,發生的事情只有:AsyncTask對象的標識位變了,和doInBackground()執行完成後,onPostExecute()不會被回調了,而doInBackground()和onProgressUpdate()還是會繼續執行直到doInBackground()結束。所以要在doInBackground()中不斷的檢查isCancellled()的傳回值,當其返回true時就停止執行,特別是有迴圈的時候。如上面的例子,如果把讀取資料的isCancelled()檢查去掉,圖片還是會下載,進度也一直會走,只是最後圖片不會放到UI上(因為onPostExecute()沒被回調)!
這裡的原因其實很好理解,想想Java SE的Thread吧,是沒有方法將其直接Cacncel掉的,那些線程取消也無非就是給線程設定標識位,然後在run()方法中不斷的檢查標識而已。
3. 如果要在應用程式中使用網路,一定不要忘記在AndroidManifest中聲明INTERNET許可權,否則會報出很詭異的異常資訊,比如上面的例子,如果把INTERNET許可權拿掉會拋出"UnknownHostException"。剛開始很疑惑,因為模擬器是可以正常上網的,後來Google了下才發現原來是沒許可權,但是疑問還是沒有消除,既然沒有聲明網路許可權,為什麼不直接提示無網路許可權呢?
對比Java SE的Thread
Thread是非常原始的類,它只有一個run()方法,一旦開始,無法停止,它僅適合於一個非常獨立的非同步任務,也即不需要與主線程互動,對於其他情況,比如需要取消或與主線程互動,都需添加額外的代碼來實現,並且還要注意同步的問題。
而AsyncTask是封裝好了的,可以直接拿來用,如果你僅執行獨立的非同步任務,可以僅實現doInBackground()。
所以,當有一個非常獨立的任務時,可以考慮使用Thread,其他時候,儘可能的用AsyncTask。