Windows 的多線程程式設計初步

來源:互聯網
上載者:User
  一般情況下多線程編程多採用MFC類庫實現,那麼如果不使用MFC 如何進行多線程程式設計呢?本文將就這個問題進行討論:

  微軟在Windows API中提供了建立新的線程的函數CreateThread,它的文法如下:

hThread = CreateThread (&security_attributes, dwStackSize, ThreadProc,pParam, dwFlags, &idThread) ;

  第一個參數是指向SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES型態的結構的指標。在Windows 98中忽略該參數。在Windows NT中,它被設為NULL。第二個參數是用於新線程的初始堆棧大小,預設值為0。在任何情況下,Windows根據需要動態延長堆棧的大小。

  CreateThread的第三個參數是指向線程函數的指標。函數名稱沒有限制,但是必須以下列形式聲明:

DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc (PVOID pParam) ;

 
  CreateThread的第四個參數為傳遞給ThreadProc的參數。這樣主線程和從屬線程就可以共用資料。

  CreateThread的第五個參數通常為0,但當建立的線程不馬上執行時為旗標CREATE_SUSPENDED。線程將暫停直到呼叫ResumeThread來恢複線程的執行為止。第六個參數是一個指標,指向接受執行緒ID值的變數。

  大多數Windows程式寫作者喜歡用在PROCESS.H表標頭檔中聲明的C執行時期連結庫函數_beginthread。它的文法如下:

hThread = _beginthread (ThreadProc, uiStackSize, pParam) ;

  它更簡單,對於大多數應用程式很完美,這個線程函數的文法為:

void __cdecl ThreadProc (void * pParam) ;

  在建立多線程的Windows程式時,需要在「Project Settings」對話方塊中做一些修改。選擇「C/C++」頁面標籤,然後在「Category」下拉式清單方塊中選擇「Code Generation」。在「Use Run-Time Library」下拉式清單方塊中,可以看到用於「Release」設定的「Single-Threaded」和用於Debug設定的「Debug Single-Threaded」。將這些分別改為「Multithreaded」和「Debug Multithreaded」。這將把編譯器旗標改為/MT,它是編譯器在編譯多線程的應用程式所需要的。

  第一個demo.

/*******************************************************
*
* deom1---四個線程同時寫一個檔案( 沒有參數 )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

ofstream out("out.txt");

void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
 }
}
int main()
{
 int i=0;
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
 Sleep(3000);
 out<<"end";
 return 0;
}

//demo1 end-----------------------------------------------

第二個demo.
/*******************************************************
*
* deom2---四個線程同時寫一個檔案( 有參數 )
*
*
***********************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h> /* _beginthread, _endthread */
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
ofstream out("out.txt");

void ThreadFunc1(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  char *p;
  p=(char *) param;
  Sleep(10);
  out<<p<<"This was draw by thread l"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc2(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 2"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc3(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 3"<<endl;
 }
}
void ThreadFunc4(PVOID param)
{
 while(1)
 {
  Sleep(10);
  out<<"This was draw by thread 4"<<endl;
 }
}
int main()
{
 char *pstr=" 參數傳遞成功";

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc1,0,pstr);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc2,0,NULL);

 _beginthread(ThreadFunc3,0,NULL);
 _beginthread(ThreadFunc4,0,NULL);
 Sleep(1000);
 out<<"end";
 return 0;
}

// demo2 end ------------------------------------------------

第三個demo( 一個win32 應用程式 )

/*******************************************************
*
* deom3--- 在螢幕上隨機畫出一系列矩形
*
*
***********************************************************/

#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
HWND hwnd ;

int cxClient, cyClient ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
 static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("RndRctMT") ;
  MSG msg ;

WNDCLASS wndclass ;

wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
 MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
 return 0 ;
}

hwnd = CreateWindow ( szAppName, TEXT ("Random Rectangles"),
  WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
  CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
  CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
  NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;

while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
 TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
 DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}

VOID Thread (PVOID pvoid)
{
 HBRUSH hBrush ;
 HDC hdc ;
 int xLeft, xRight, yTop, yBottom, iRed, iGreen, iBlue ;

 while (TRUE)
 {
  if (cxClient != 0 || cyClient != 0)
  {
   xLeft = rand () % cxClient ;
   xRight = rand () % cxClient ;
   yTop = rand () % cyClient ;
   yBottom = rand () % cyClient ;
   iRed = rand () & 255 ;
   iGreen = rand () & 255 ;
   iBlue = rand () & 255 ;
 
   hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
   hBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (iRed, iGreen, iBlue)) ;
   SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ;

   Rectangle (hdc,min (xLeft, xRight), min (yTop, yBottom),
     max (xLeft, xRight), max (yTop, yBottom)) ;

   ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
   DeleteObject (hBrush) ;
  }
 }
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc ( HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
 switch (message)
 {
  case WM_CREATE:
   _beginthread (Thread, 0, NULL) ;
   return 0 ;
  case WM_SIZE:
   cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
   cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
   return 0 ;
  case WM_DESTROY:
   PostQuitMessage (0) ;
   return 0 ;
 }
 return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}

//demo4 end-----------------------------------------------

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