Primary Key and Unique Key difference in SQL Server

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posted from http://www.sqlservergeeks.com/primary-key-and-unique-key-difference-in-sql-server/

 

Primary and Unique Key both enforce uniqueness of columns on which they are defined. Then where do they differ? They differ in following way

-          A primary key doesn’t allow null value wherein a unique key allows one null value.

-          A primary keys purpose is to uniquely define a row in a table wherein unique keys purpose is to enforce uniqueness on a column(s).

-          A primary key is implemented by a default unique clustered index on column(s) wherein unique key is implemented by a default unique non clustered index on column(s).

-          A primary key can’t be created on a null able column wherein a unique key can be created on a null able column.

-          There can be only one primary key on a table wherein a table can have multiple unique key defined on it.

Let’s create a table with a primary key and a unique key constraint.

Transact-SQL 

CREATE TABLE tblCns (sno INT NOT NULL, col1 VARCHAR(100),col2 VARCHAR(100))GO-- Add unique key constraintALTER TABLE tblCns ADD CONSTRAINT uq_Cns_col1 UNIQUE(col1)GO-- Add another unique constraintALTER TABLE tblCns ADD CONSTRAINT uq_Cns_col2 UNIQUE(col2)GO-- Add a primary key constraintALTER TABLE tblCns ADD CONSTRAINT pk_Cns_sno PRIMARY KEY(sno)GO

 

 

Let’s analyze the indexes using sp_helpindex stored procedure.

There are two unique key and a primary key. Attempt to create a second primary key will result in an error. The primary key is implement by a unique clustered index and unique key is implemented by a unique non clustered index.

Primary Key and Unique Key difference in SQL Server