在slow_query_log 值為ON的情況下(預設為OFF 預設為10s,同時精確到微秒)預設(log_output值為FIFL時)就會把這種慢查詢記錄到:slow_query_log_file值所指定的檔案中。
mysql> select @@global.log_output;
+---------------------+
| @@global.log_output |
+---------------------+
| FILE |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意在MySQL5.1就開始支援把慢查詢的日誌記錄放到mysq.slow_log中,但需要設定log_output變數值為TABLE:
mysql> set @@global.log_output='TABLE';
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 6
Current database: *** NONE ***
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
開啟慢SQL之前:
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+------------------------------------+
| log_slow_queries | OFF |
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| slow_query_log | OFF |
| slow_query_log_file | /var/mysql/data/localhost-slow.log |
+---------------------+------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
開啟慢SQL
mysql> set @@global.slow_query_log=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> system cat /var/mysql/data/localhost-slow.log
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.5.15-log (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.5.15-log (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.5.15-log (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 5.5.15-log (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
mysql>
進入 /var/mysql/data/這個目錄然後查看
mysqldumpslow localhost-slow.log
[root@localhost data]# mysqldumpslow localhost-slow.log
Reading mysql slow query log from localhost-slow.log
Count: 1 Time=0.00s (0s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=0.0 (0), 0users@0hosts
因為為了效能考慮,一般general log不會開啟。slow log可以定位一些有效能問題的sql,而general log會記錄所有的SQL。
mysql5.0版本,如果要開啟slow log、general log,需要重啟,從MySQL5.1.6版開始,general query log和slow query log開始支援寫到檔案或者資料庫表兩種方式,並且日誌的開啟,輸出方式的修改,都可以在Global層級動態修改。
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.15-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
設定日誌輸出方式為檔案(如果設定log_output=table的話,則日誌結果會記錄到名為gengera_log的表中,這表的預設引擎都是CSV):
mysql> set global log_output=file;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
設定general log的記錄檔路徑:
mysql> set global general_log_file='/tmp/general.log';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
開啟general log:
mysql> set global general_log=on;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
過一段時間後,關閉general log:
mysql> set global general_log=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看tmp/general.log的資訊,可以大致看到哪些sql查詢/更新/刪除/插入比較頻繁了。比如有些表不是經常變化的,查詢量又很大,就完全可以cache;對主備延遲要求不高的表,讀可以放到備庫;等等